السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الطهارة
Book of Purification
باب: فضيلة الوضوء
The virtue of ablution (wudu)
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَبَكْرُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أنا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، ح. قَالَا: وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو ⦗١٣١⦘ الْعَبَّاسِ، نا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى ابْنِ وَهْبٍ: أَخْبَرَكَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " إِذَا تَوَضَّأَ الْعَبْدُ الْمُسْلِمُ أَوِ الْمُؤْمِنُ فَغَسَلَ وَجْهَهُ خَرَجَ مِنْ وَجْهِهِ كُلُّ خَطِيئَةٍ نَظَرَ إِلَيْهَا بِعَيْنَيْهِ مَعَ الْمَاءِ أَوْ مَعَ آخِرِ قَطْرِ الْمَاءِ، فَإِذَا غَسَلَ يَدَيْهِ خَرَجَ مِنْ يدَيْهِ كُلُّ خَطِيئَةٍ بَطَشَتْهَا يَدَاهُ مَعَ الْمَاءِ أَوْ مَعَ آخِرِ قَطْرِ الْمَاءِ، فَإِذَا غَسَلَ رِجْلَيْهِ خَرَجَتْ كُلُّ خَطِيئَةٍ مَشَتْهَا رِجْلَاهُ مَعَ الْمَاءِ أَوْ مَعَ آخِرِ قَطْرِ الْمَاءِ، حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ نَقِيًّا مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ ". رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي الطَّاهِرِ، عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When a Muslim or believing servant performs ablution and washes his face, every sin he looked at with his eyes leaves his face with the water, or with the last drop of water. And when he washes his hands, every sin his hands committed leaves his hands with the water, or he said: with the last drop of water. And when he washes his feet, every sin his feet committed leaves his feet with the last drop of water, until he emerges completely purified of sins."
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، أنا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، نا عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ، ح. وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، وَأَبُو عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، قَالَا: ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شِيرَوَيْهِ، ثنا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَظِيمِ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ، ثنا النَّضْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، ثنا عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ، ثنا شَدَّادُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ أَبُو عَمَّارٍ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ، قَالَ: قَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ عَبَسَةَ السُّلَمِيُّ، فَذَكَرَ حَدِيثًا طَوِيلًا فِي قُدُومِهِ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمَكَّةَ، ثُمَّ قُدُومِهِ عَلَيْهِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ. قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا الْوضُوءُ؟ حَدِّثْنِي عَنْهُ، قَالَ: " مَا مِنْكُمْ مِنْ رَجُلٍ يَقْرَبُ وَضُوءَهُ، فَيُمَضْمِضُ وَيَسْتَنْشِقُ، فَيَنْثُرُ إِلَّا خَرَجَتْ خَطَايَا فِيهِ وَخَيَاشِيمِهِ مَعَ الْمَاءِ، ثُمَّ إِذَا غَسَلَ وَجْهَهُ كَمَا أَمَرَهُ اللهُ إِلَّا خَرَجَتْ خَطَايَا وَجْهِهِ مِنْ أَطْرَافِ لِحْيَتِهِ مَعَ الْمَاءِ، ثُمَّ يَغْسِلُ يَدَيْهِ إِلَى الْمِرْفَقَيْنِ إِلَّا خَرَجَتْ خَطَايَا يَدَيْهِ مِنْ أَنَامِلِهِ مَعَ الْمَاءِ، ثُمَّ يَمْسَحُ رَأْسَهُ إِلَّا خَرَجَتْ خَطَايَا رَأْسِهِ مِنْ أَطْرَافِ شَعْرِهِ مَعَ الْمَاءِ، ثُمَّ يَغْسِلُ قَدَمَيْهِ إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ إِلَّا خَرَجَتْ خَطَايَا رِجْلَيْهِ مِنْ أَنَامِلِهِ مَعَ الْمَاءِ، فَإِنْ هُوَ قَامَ فَصَلَّى، فَحَمِدَ اللهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، وَمَجَّدَهُ بِالَّذِي هُوَ لَهُ أَهْلٌ، وَفَرَّغَ قَلْبَهُ لِلَّهِ إِلَّا انْصَرَفَ مِنْ خَطِيئَتِهِ كَهَيْئَتِهِ يَوْمَ وَلَدَتْهُ أُمُّهُ ". أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُقْرِئِ، عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ: " ثُمَّ يَغْسِلُ قَدَمَيْهِ إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ كَمَا أَمَرَهُ اللهُ ". وَلَمْ يذْكُرْ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ يَحْيَى بْنَ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الذُّهْلِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِهِ فِي وَجُوبِ غَسْلِ الْقَدَمَيْنِ.
Sayyiduna Amr bin Abasah al-Sulami (may Allah be pleased with him) mentioned a long hadith about his coming to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in Makkah and then coming to him in Madinah. He says: I said: O Messenger of Allah, what is ablution? Tell me about it. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When a person brings his water near, then rinses his mouth and draws water into his nose, then blows it out, the sins of his mouth and nostrils leave with the water. Then, when he washes his face as Allah commanded him, the sins of his face leave from the edges of his beard with the water. Then he washes his arms including the elbows, and the sins of his hands leave from his fingertips with the water. Then he wipes his head, and the sins of his head leave from the ends of his hair with the water. Then he washes his feet up to the ankles, and the sins of his feet leave from his toes with the water. Then, if he stands and prays, praising Allah Almighty and extolling Him, glorifying Him as He deserves, and empties his heart for Allah, he becomes as free of his sins as on the day his mother gave birth to him."
(b) It is narrated from Ikrimah: "Then he washes his feet up to the ankles as Allah commanded him." Yahya bin Abi Kathir is not mentioned in its chain.
(c) Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Khuzaymah (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated it from Muhammad bin Yahya al-Dhuhli from Abu al-Walid, and used it as evidence that washing the feet is obligatory.
(b) It is narrated from Ikrimah: "Then he washes his feet up to the ankles as Allah commanded him." Yahya bin Abi Kathir is not mentioned in its chain.
(c) Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Khuzaymah (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated it from Muhammad bin Yahya al-Dhuhli from Abu al-Walid, and used it as evidence that washing the feet is obligatory.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، قَالُوا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ الْخَوْلَانِيُّ، قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ: أَخْبَرَكَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ الصُّنَابِحِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " إِذَا تَوَضَّأَ الْعَبْدُ فَمَضْمَضَ خَرَجَتِ الْخَطَايَا مِنْ فِيهِ، فَإِذَا اسْتَنْثَرَ خَرَجَتِ الْخَطَايَا مِنْ أَنْفِهِ، فَإِذَا غَسَلَ وَجْهَهُ خَرَجَتِ الْخَطَايَا مِنْ وَجْهِهِ حَتَّى تَخْرُجَ مِنْ تَحْتِ أَشْفَارِ عَيْنَيْهِ، فَإِذَا غَسَلَ يَدَيْهِ خَرَجَتِ الْخَطَايَا مَنْ يدَيْهِ حَتَّى تَخْرُجَ الْخَطَايَا مِنْ تَحْتِ أَظْفَارِ يَدَيْهِ، فَإِذَا مَسَحَ بِرَأْسِهِ خَرَجَتِ الْخَطَايَا مِنْ رَأْسِهِ حَتَّى تَخْرُجَ مِنْ أُذُنَيْهِ، فَإِذَا غَسَلَ رِجْلَيْهِ خَرَجَتِ الْخَطَايَا مِنْ رِجْلَيْهِ حَتَّى تَخْرُجَ مِنْ تَحْتِ أَظْفَارِ رِجْلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ كَانَ مَشْيُهُ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ وَصَلَاتُهُ نَافِلَةً لَهُ ". أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الْعَبَّاسَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ مَعِينٍ يَقُولُ: يَرْوِي عَطَاءُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ الصُّنَابِحِيِّ وَيُقَالُ: أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ، وَالصُّنَابِحِيُّ صَاحِبُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عُسَيْلَةَ، وَالصُّنَابِحِيُّ صَاحِبُ قَيْسِ بْنِ أَبِي حَازِمٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ: الصُّنَابِحُ بْنُ الْأَعْسَرِ، كَذَا قَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ. وَزَعَمَ الْبُخَارِيُّ أَنَّ مَالِكَ بْنَ أَنَسٍ وَهِمَ فِي هَذَا، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عُسَيْلَةَ الصُّنَابِحِيُّ لَمْ يسْمَعْ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مُرْسَلٌ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ هُوَ الَّذِي رَوَى عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَالصُّنَابِحُ بْنُ الْأَعْسَرِ صَاحِبُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي التَّارِيخِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ هَكَذَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَتَابَعَهُ ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، عَنْ أَبِي غَسَّانَ، عَنْ زَيْدٍ. وَرَوَاهُ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عِيسَى بْنِ الطَّبَّاعِ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، فَقَالَ: عَنِ الصُّنَابِحِيِّ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِآثَارٍ ذَكَرَهَا عَلَى أَنَّ الْأَمْرَ فِيهِ كَمَا قَالَ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah al-Sunabihi (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When the servant performs ablution and rinses his mouth, the sins leave his mouth; and when he blows water out of his nose, the sins leave his nose. When he washes his face, his sins leave his face, until the sins leave even from beneath his eyelashes. Then when he washes his hands, the sins of his hands leave. Then when he wipes his head, the sins of his head leave, until even the sins of his ears leave. Then when he washes his feet, the sins of his feet leave, until the sins leave even from beneath his feet. Then his walking to the mosque and his prayer are an additional reward for him."
(b) Yahya bin Ma'in (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Ata bin Yasar narrates from Abdullah al-Sunabihi, who is also called Abu Abdullah; the al-Sunabihi who narrated from Abu Bakr is Abd al-Rahman bin Usaylah; and the al-Sunabihi from whom Qays bin Abi Hazim narrated is called al-Sunabih bin al-A'sar. That is what Yahya bin Ma'in said. Imam al-Bukhari (may Allah have mercy on him) held that Malik bin Anas (may Allah have mercy on him) was mistaken in this, and that he is only Abu Abdullah Abd al-Rahman bin Usaylah al-Sunabihi, who did not hear from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), so this hadith is mursal; Abd al-Rahman is the one who narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq {RA}, while al-Sunabih bin al-A'sar is a Companion of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Imam Ahmad (al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Al-Bukhari narrated it in al-Tarikh from the hadith of Malik bin Anas in this way, then said: Ibn Abi Maryam corroborated him, from Abu Ghassan, from Zayd. And Ishaq bin Isa bin al-Tabba' narrated it from Malik and said: from al-Sunabihi Abu Abdullah. And al-Bukhari cited reports that he mentioned as evidence that the matter is as he said.
(b) Yahya bin Ma'in (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Ata bin Yasar narrates from Abdullah al-Sunabihi, who is also called Abu Abdullah; the al-Sunabihi who narrated from Abu Bakr is Abd al-Rahman bin Usaylah; and the al-Sunabihi from whom Qays bin Abi Hazim narrated is called al-Sunabih bin al-A'sar. That is what Yahya bin Ma'in said. Imam al-Bukhari (may Allah have mercy on him) held that Malik bin Anas (may Allah have mercy on him) was mistaken in this, and that he is only Abu Abdullah Abd al-Rahman bin Usaylah al-Sunabihi, who did not hear from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), so this hadith is mursal; Abd al-Rahman is the one who narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq {RA}, while al-Sunabih bin al-A'sar is a Companion of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Imam Ahmad (al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Al-Bukhari narrated it in al-Tarikh from the hadith of Malik bin Anas in this way, then said: Ibn Abi Maryam corroborated him, from Abu Ghassan, from Zayd. And Ishaq bin Isa bin al-Tabba' narrated it from Malik and said: from al-Sunabihi Abu Abdullah. And al-Bukhari cited reports that he mentioned as evidence that the matter is as he said.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أنا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الرَّزَّازُ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الطَّنَافِسِيُّ، وَأَبُو بَدْرٍ شُجَاعُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، قَالَا: نا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ أَبِي الْجَعْدِ، عَنْ ثَوْبَانَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " اسْتَقِيمُوا وَلَنْ تُحْصُوا، وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ مِنْ أَفْضَلِ قَالَ أَبُو بَدْرٍ: مِنْ خَيْرِ أَعْمَالِكُمُ الصَّلَاةَ، وَلَنْ يحَافِظَ عَلَى الْوُضُوءِ إِلَّا مُؤْمِنٌ ".
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Thawban (may Allah be pleased with him) that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Remain upright, and you will never be able to do it fully. And know that among the best of your deeds is prayer." Abu Badr narrated these words: "The best of your deeds is prayer, and none keeps up ablution except a believer."
