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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب النكاح
Book of Marriage
باب: ما جاء في نكاح اليتيمة تكون في حجر وليها، فيرغب في نكاحها
Chapter: Reports on the marriage of an orphan girl in the care of her guardian who wishes to marry her
Bayhaqi 13810 — Reports on the marriage of an orphan girl in the care
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو ⦗٢٢٩⦘ مُحَمَّدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْمُزَنِيُّ، أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى، ثنا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، أَخْبَرَنِي شُعَيْبٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: كَانَ عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ يُحَدِّثُ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ مَثْنَى وَثُلَاثَ وَرُبَاعَ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا فَوَاحِدَةً أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ} [النساء: ٣] قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا: " هِيَ الْيَتِيمَةُ تَكُونُ فِي حِجْرِ وَلِيِّهَا، فَيَرْغَبُ فِي جَمَالِهَا أَوْ مَالِهَا وَيُرِيدُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا بِأَدْنَى مِنْ سُنَّةِ نِسَائِهَا، فَنُهُوا عَنْ نِكَاحِهِنَّ، إِلَّا أَنْ يُقْسِطُوا لَهُنَّ فِي إِكْمَالِ الصَّدَاقِ وَأُمِرُوا بِنِكَاحِ مَنْ سِوَاهُنَّ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا: ثُمَّ اسْتَفْتَى النَّاسُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {وَيَسْتَفْتُونَكَ فِي النِّسَاءِ قُلِ اللهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِيهِنَّ وَمَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الْكِتَابِ فِي يَتَامَى النِّسَاءِ اللَّاتِي لَا تُؤْتُونَهُنَّ مَا كُتِبَ لَهُنَّ وَتَرْغَبُونَ أَنْ تَنْكِحُوهُنَّ} [النساء: ١٢٧] قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا: بَيَّنَ اللهُ تَعَالَى لَهُمْ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ أَنَّ الْيَتِيمَةَ إِذَا كَانَتْ ذَاتَ جَمَالٍ وَمَالٍ رَغِبُوا فِي نِكَاحِهَا وَلَمْ يَلْحَقُوا بِسُنَّةِ نِسَائِهَا فِي إِكْمَالِ الصَّدَاقِ، وَإِذَا كَانَتْ مَرْغُوبًا عَنْهَا فِي قِلَّةِ الْمَالِ تَرَكُوهَا وَالْتَمَسُوا غَيْرَهَا مِنَ النِّسَاءِ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا: فَكَمَا تَرَكُوهَا حِينَ يَرْغَبُونَ عَنْهَا، فَلَيْسَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَنْكِحُوهَا إِذَا رَغِبُوا فِيهَا، إِلَّا أَنْ يُقْسِطُوا لَهَا وَيُعْطُوهَا حَقَّهَا الْأَوْفَى مِنَ الصَّدَاقِ " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْيَمَانِ.
Urwah bin al-Zubayr asked Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) about the saying of Allah Almighty: "And if you fear that you will not deal justly with the orphan girls, then marry those that please you of other women, two or three or four. But if you fear that you will not be just, then (marry only) one, or those your right hands possess" [Surah al-Nisa': 3]. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: An orphan girl would be under the care of her guardian, and then he would marry her because of her beauty or her wealth, but for a small dower; so they were forbidden from marrying them, that is, the orphan girls, unless they paid the full dower, and they were ordered to marry other women. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: Then the people asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) about the matter, and Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "And they ask you for a ruling concerning women. Say: Allah gives you a ruling concerning them, and (also) what is recited to you in the Book concerning the orphan girls to whom you do not give what is prescribed for them (their dower) and whom you desire to marry" [Surah al-Nisa': 127]. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: Allah Almighty made clear in this verse that when an orphan girl is of good lineage, beautiful and wealthy, they desire to marry her but do not pay her the full dower like that of their women; and when there is no desire to marry an orphan girl because of her lack of wealth, they look for other women. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: Since they leave this girl out of lack of desire, then the girl whom they do desire should also be given her full dower; this is what justice requires.
