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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب النكاح
Book of Marriage
باب: ما جاء في نكاح اليتيمة تكون في حجر وليها، فيرغب في نكاحها
Chapter: Reports on the marriage of an orphan girl in the care of her guardian who wishes to marry her
Bayhaqi 13811 — Reports on the marriage of an orphan girl in the care
اُردوEn
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْمُزَكِّي قَالُوا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، ثنا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى، فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ} [النساء: ٣] قَالَتْ: " يَا ابْنَ أُخْتِي هَذِهِ الْيَتِيمَةُ تَكُونُ فِي حِجْرِ وَلِيِّهَا تُشَارِكُهُ فِي مَالِهِ، فَيُعْجِبُهُ مَالُهَا وَجَمَالُهَا، فَيُرِيدُ وَلِيُّهَا أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا بِغَيْرِ أَنْ يُقْسِطَ فِي صَدَاقِهَا، فَيُعْطِيَهَا مِثْلَ مَا يُعْطِيهَا غَيْرُهُ، فَنُهُوا عَنْ أَنْ يَنْكِحُوهُنَّ، إِلَّا أَنْ يُقْسِطُوا لَهُنَّ، وَيُبَلِّغُوهُنَّ أَعْلَى سِنَّهُنَّ مِنَ الصَّدَاقِ، وَأُمِرُوا أَنْ يَنْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَهُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ سِوَاهُنَّ. قَالَ عُرْوَةُ: قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا: ثُمَّ إِنَّ النَّاسَ اسْتَفْتَوْا رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعْدَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ فِيهِنَّ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: {وَيَسْتَفْتُونَكَ فِي النِّسَاءِ قُلِ اللهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِيهِنَّ وَمَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الْكِتَابِ فِي يَتَامَى النِّسَاءِ اللَّاتِي لَا تُؤْتُونَهُنَّ مَا كُتِبَ لَهُنَّ وَتَرْغَبُونَ أَنْ تَنْكِحُوهُنَّ} [النساء: ١٢٧] قَالَ: وَالَّذِي ذُكِرَ أَنَّهُ يُتْلَى عَلَيْهِمْ فِي الْكِتَابِ الْآيَةُ الْأُولَى الَّتِي قَالَ فِيهَا: {وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ ⦗٢٣٠⦘ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ} [النساء: ٣] قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا: قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِي الْآيَةِ الْأُخْرَى: {وَتَرْغَبُونَ أَنْ تَنْكِحُوهُنَّ} [النساء: ١٢٧]، رَغْبَةَ أَحَدِكُمْ عَنْ يَتِيمَتِهِ الَّتِي تَكُونُ فِي حِجْرِهِ حِينَ تَكُونُ قَلِيلَةَ الْمَالِ وَالْجَمَالِ، فَنُهُوا أَنْ يَنْكِحُوا مَا رَغِبُوا فِي مَالِهَا وَجَمَالِهَا مِنْ يَتَامَى النِّسَاءِ، إِلَّا بِالْقِسْطِ مِنْ أَجْلِ رَغْبَتِهِمْ عَنْهُنَّ " رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي الطَّاهِرِ، وَحَرْمَلَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ.
Urwah bin al-Zubayr asked Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) about this saying of Allah: "And if you fear that you will not deal justly with the orphan girls, then marry those that please you of other women" [Surah al-Nisa': 3]. She said: O my nephew! These orphan girls used to be under the care of their guardians, and their wealth was shared. They would like her wealth and beauty and want to marry her, but would not give them a dower like other women and would act unjustly; so they were forbidden to marry these orphan girls, but if they acted justly and paid a good dower, they could marry them; otherwise they should marry whichever other women pleased them. Urwah says that Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: After this the people began to ask the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) for a ruling. Then Allah revealed this verse: "And they ask you for a ruling concerning women. Say: Allah gives you a ruling concerning them, and (also) concerning the orphan girls in what is recited to you in the Book, to whom you do not give what is prescribed for them (their dower) and whom you desire to marry" [Surah al-Nisa': 127]. The narrator mentions that what is referred to is what was mentioned in the first verse that comes before it, that is: "And if you fear that you will not deal justly with the orphan girls, then marry those that please you of other women" [Surah al-Nisa': 3]. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said that Allah said in the other verse: "And whom you desire to marry" [Surah al-Nisa': 127]: when you have no desire to marry an orphan girl whose wealth and beauty are little, then an orphan girl whom you desire to marry because of her wealth and beauty, if you act justly that is right; otherwise marrying them is forbidden.
