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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الفيء والغنيمة
Book of the Division of Fai and Spoils of War
بابُ مَصْرِفِ الأَرْبَعَةِ الأَخْمَاسِ مِنْ مَالِ الفَيْءِ غَيْرِ الخُمُسِ
Chapter: How the four-fifths of fay, other than the fifth, are spent
Bayhaqi 12725 — How the four-fifths of fay, other than the fifth
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ حَمْزَةَ، ثنا حَاتِمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ قَالَ: بَيْنَمَا أَنَا جَالِسٌ فِي أَهْلِي حِينَ تَمَتَّعَ النَّهَارُ، إِذْ أَتَى رَسُولُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فَقَالَ: أَجِبْ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَانْطَلَقْتُ حَتَّى أَدْخُلَ عَلَيْهِ. فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِطُولِهِ فِي مُحَاوَرَةِ عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: أَنَا أُحَدِّثُكُمْ عَنْ هَذَا الْأَمْرِ، إِنَّ اللهَ خَصَّ رَسُولَهُ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ هَذَا الْفَيْءِ، لَمْ يُعْطِهِ أَحَدًا غَيْرَهُ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ {مَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ} [الحشر: ٦] حَتَّى بَلَغَ {وَاللهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ} [البقرة: ٢٨٤]، وَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ خَاصَّةً لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، مَا اخْتَارَهَا دُونَكُمْ، وَلَا اسْتَأْثَرَ بِهَا عَلَيْكُمْ، وَلَكِنْ أَعْطَاكُمُوهَا وَبَثَّهَا فِيكُمْ، حَتَّى بَقِيَ مِنْهَا هَذَا الْمَالُ، فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُنْفِقُ مِنْهَا عَلَى أَهْلِهِ سَنَتَهُمْ مِنْ هَذَا، ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْهَا فَيَجْعَلُهُ مَجْعَلَ مَالِ اللهِ، فَعَمِلَ بِذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَيَاتَهُ. وَذَكَرَ بَاقِيَ الْحَدِيثِ. ثُمَّ قَالَ أُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَوْسٍ نَحْوَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: أَخْبَرَنِي مَالِكُ بْنُ أَوْسٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ قَالَ فِيمَا يَحْتَجُّ بِهِ: كَانَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثَلَاثَةُ صَفَايَا: بَنُو النَّضِيرِ، وَخَيْبَرُ، وَفَدَكٌ، فَأَمَّا بَنُو النَّضِيرِ فَكَانَتْ حَبْسًا لِنَوَائِبِهِ، وَأَمَّا فَدَكٌ فَكَانَتْ لِابْنِ السَّبِيلِ، وَأَمَّا خَيْبَرُ فَجَزَّأَهَا ثَلَاثَةَ أَجْزَاءٍ، فَقَسَمَ مِنْهَا جُزْئَيْنِ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَحَبَسَ جُزْءًا لِنَفْسِهِ وَنَفَقَةِ أَهْلِهِ، فَمَا فَضَلَ عَنْ نَفَقَةِ أَهْلِهِ رَدَّهُ عَلَى فُقَرَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ.
Malik bin Aws bin al-Hadathan says: I was sitting in my home during the day when the messenger of Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) came and said: "The Commander of the Believers is calling you." I went with him until I entered upon him. Then he mentioned the long hadith about the dialogue of Sayyiduna Ali and Sayyiduna Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both). Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I will tell you about this matter. Allah singled out His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) with a portion of this fay', which He did not give to anyone besides him (peace and blessings be upon him)." Then he recited this verse: "And what Allah restored to His Messenger from them, you did not spur on for it any horses or camels" [Surah al-Hashr: 6]. "So this was exclusively for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) did not single it out for anyone besides you, nor did he prefer anyone over you; rather, he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave it to you and included you in it, until this wealth remained of it. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would spend from it on his family for the whole year, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) would put the rest into the wealth of Allah. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did so throughout his life."
In another narration from Malik bin Aws, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said, in what he used as his proof: "Three things were exclusively for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him): Banu al-Nadir, Khaybar and Fadak. As for Banu al-Nadir, it was set aside for emergencies; Fadak was for travellers; and Khaybar he (peace and blessings be upon him) divided into three parts: two parts for the Muslims, and one for himself and his family, and whatever was left over from his family's expenses he would return to the poor among the Muhajirun."
In another narration from Malik bin Aws, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said, in what he used as his proof: "Three things were exclusively for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him): Banu al-Nadir, Khaybar and Fadak. As for Banu al-Nadir, it was set aside for emergencies; Fadak was for travellers; and Khaybar he (peace and blessings be upon him) divided into three parts: two parts for the Muslims, and one for himself and his family, and whatever was left over from his family's expenses he would return to the poor among the Muhajirun."
