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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الفيء والغنيمة
Book of the Division of Fai and Spoils of War
بابُ مَصْرِفِ الأَرْبَعَةِ الأَخْمَاسِ مِنْ مَالِ الفَيْءِ غَيْرِ الخُمُسِ
Chapter: How the four-fifths of fay, other than the fifth, are spent
Bayhaqi 12724 — How the four-fifths of fay, other than the fifth
بَابُ مَصْرِفِ أَرْبَعَةِ أَخْمَاسِ الْفَيْءِ فِي زَمَانِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَأَنَّهَا كَانَتْ لَهُ خَاصَّةً دُونَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَضَعُهَا حَيْثُ أَرَاهُ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ.
Chapter: The expenditure of the four-fifths of fay' in the time of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and that they were exclusively for him (peace and blessings be upon him), to the exclusion of the Muslims; he (peace and blessings be upon him) would spend them wherever Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, showed him (to be appropriate).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنا الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ يُحَدِّثُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ مَالِكَ بْنَ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَالْعَبَّاسُ وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا يَخْتَصِمَانِ إِلَيْهِ فِي أَمْوَالِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " كَانَتْ أَمْوَالُ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِمَّا لَمْ يُوجِفْ عَلَيْهِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بِخَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ، فَكَانَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَالِصًا دُونَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُنْفِقُ مِنْهَا عَلَى أَهْلِهِ نَفَقَةَ سَنَةٍ، فَمَا فَضَلَ جَعَلَهُ فِي الْكُرَاعِ وَالسِّلَاحِ عُدَّةً فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ، ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَوَلِيَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بِمِثْلِ مَا وَلِيَهَا بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ وَلِيتُهَا بِمِثْلِ مَا وَلِيَهَا بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، ثُمَّ سَأَلْتُمَانِي أَنْ أُوَلِّيَكُمَاهَا، فَوَلَّيْتُكُمَاهَا عَلَى أَنْ تَعْمَلَا فِيهَا بِمِثْلِ مَا وَلِيَهَا بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثُمَّ وَلِيَهَا بِهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ثُمَّ وَلِيتُهَا بِهِ، فَجِئْتُمَانِي تَخْتَصِمَانِ أتُرِيدَانِ أَنْ أَدْفَعَ إِلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْكُما نِصْفًا، أتُرِيدَانِ مِنِّي قَضَاءً غَيْرَ مَا قَضَيْتُ بِهِ بَيْنَكُمَا أَوَّلًا، فَلَا وَالَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ، لَا أَقْضِي بَيْنَكُمَا قَضَاءً غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ، فَإِنْ عَجَزْتُمَا عَنْهَا فَادْفَعَاهَا إِلِيَّ أَكْفِيكُمَاهَا " قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقَالَ لِي سُفْيَانُ: لَمْ أَسْمَعْهُ مِنَ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَلَكِنْ أَخْبَرَنِيهِ عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، قُلْتُ: كَمَا قَصَصْتَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ مُخْتَصَرًا. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمَعْنَى قَوْلِ عُمَرَ: لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَاصَّةً، يُرِيدُ مَا كَانَ يَكُونُ لِلْمُوجِفِينَ، وَذَلِكَ أَرْبَعَةُ أَخْمَاسٍ ⦗٤٨٤⦘.
Sayyiduna Abbas and Sayyiduna Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with them both) were both disputing before Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) about the property of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "The properties of Banu al-Nadir were among what Allah restored to His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), against which the Muslims had not spurred on horses or camels. So they were exclusively for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), to the exclusion of the Muslims. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would spend from it on his family a year's provision, and whatever remained he would put into horses and weapons as preparation in the path of Allah. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away, and Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) took charge of it in the same way as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had been in charge of it. Then I took charge of it just as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) had taken charge of it. Then you both asked me to put you in charge of it, so I put you both in charge of it on the condition that you would manage it just as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), and then I had managed it. Now you both have come to me disputing; you want me to give each of you half. Do you want a judgment from me that I give each of you half? Do you want me to give a judgment other than the first? By the One by whose permission the heavens and the earth stand, I will not give any judgment between you other than that. If you are both unable to manage it, then return it to me, and I will suffice you both in it."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "The meaning of Sayyiduna Umar's (may Allah be pleased with him) saying 'exclusively for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)' is what would otherwise have belonged to those who spurred on (their horses) against it, and that is four-fifths."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "The meaning of Sayyiduna Umar's (may Allah be pleased with him) saying 'exclusively for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)' is what would otherwise have belonged to those who spurred on (their horses) against it, and that is four-fifths."
