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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الوصايا
Book of Wills
باب: ما جاء في قوله عز وجل وليخش الذين لو تركوا من خلفهم ذرية ضعافا خافوا عليهم فليتقوا الله وليقولوا قولا سديدا وما ينهى عنه من الإضرار في الوصية
Chapter: Reports on the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: And let those fear who, if they left behind weak offspring, would fear for them; so let them fear Allah and speak words of justice, and the prohibition of causing harm through bequests
Bayhaqi 12581 — Reports on the saying of Allah, the Mighty
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، أنا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبْدُوسٍ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: " {وَلْيَخْشَ الَّذِينَ لَوْ تَرَكُوا مِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّةً ضِعَافًا خَافُوا عَلَيْهِمْ} [النساء: ٩]، يَعْنِي الرَّجُلَ يَحْضُرُهُ الْمَوْتُ فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: تَصَدَّقْ مِنْ مَالِكَ، وَأَعْتِقْ، وَأَعْطِ مِنْهُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ، فَنُهُوا أَنْ يَأْمُرُوهُ بِذَلِكَ، يَعْنِي مَنْ حَضَرَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضًا عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ فَلَا يَأْمُرُهُ أَنْ يُنْفِقَ مَالَهُ فِي الْعِتْقِ وَالصَّدَقَةِ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ، وَلَكِنْ يَأْمُرُهُ أَنْ يُبَيِّنَ مَا لَهُ وَمَا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ دَيْنٍ وَيُوصِي مِنْ مَالِهِ لِذِي قَرَابَتِهِ الَّذِينَ لَا يَرِثُونَ، يُوصِي لَهُمْ بِالْخُمُسِ أَوِ الرُّبُعِ، يَقُولُ: أَيَسُرُّ أَحَدَكُمْ إِذَا مَاتَ وَلَهُ وَلَدٌ ضِعَافٌ، يَعْنِي صِغَارًا، أَنْ يَتْرُكَهُمْ بِغَيْرِ مَالٍ؛ فَيَكُونُوا عِيَالًا عَلَى النَّاسِ، فَلَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ تَأْمُرُوهُ بِمَا لَا تَرْضَوْنَ بِهِ لِأَنْفُسِكُمْ وَلِأَوْلَادِكُمْ، وَلَكِنْ قُولُوا الْحَقَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ".
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) regarding the verse "And let those fear who, if they left behind weak offspring, would fear for them" [Surah al-Nisa: 9]: that is, when death approaches a man and he is told: Give charity from your wealth, free slaves, and give from it in the path of Allah. So they were forbidden from ordering him to do such things; that is, whoever of you comes to a sick person at the time of death should not order him to spend his wealth on freeing slaves, on charity and in the path of Allah. Rather, he should order him to make clear what debts he owes and what is owed to him, and to bequeath from his wealth to those relatives who do not inherit, bequeathing a fifth or a quarter to them. And he says: "Would any of you like it, when he dies leaving young children, to leave them without wealth so that they become dependent on people?" It is not right that you order him with what you would not be pleased with for yourselves and your own children; so speak what is right.
