مستدرکِ حاکم
Mustadrak al-Hakim
كتاب التفسير
Book of Tafsir
عِلَّةُ ذِهَابِ بَصَرِ يَعْقُوبَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ وَمُصَابِهِ
The cause of Ya'qub (peace be upon him) losing his sight and of his grief
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حدثنا الشيخ أبو الوليد الفقيه، حدثنا خُشْنام (1) بن بِشْر، حدثنا أبو بكر بن أبي شَيْبة، حدثنا يحيى بن عبد الملك بن أبي غَنِيَّة، عن حفص بن عمر بن الزُّبير، عن أنس بن مالك قال: قال رسول الله ﷺ: "كان ليعقوبَ النبيِّ ﵇ أخٌ مُؤاخِيًا في الله، فقال ذاتَ يوم: يا يعقوبُ، ما الذي أذهَبَ بصرَك؟ وما الذي قوَّسَ ظَهرَك؟ قال: فقال: أمَّا الذي أذهَبَ بصري فالبكاءُ على يوسف، وأما الذي قوَّسَ ظَهري فالحزنُ على ابني يامين، قال: فأتاه جبريلُ ﵇ فقال: يا يعقوبُ، إِنَّ الله يُقرِئك السلامَ ويقول: أما تستحيي تَشكُوني إلى غيري، قال: فقال يعقوب: ﴿إِنَّمَا أَشْكُو بَثِّي وَحُزْنِي إِلَى اللَّهِ﴾ [يوسف: 86] فقال جبريل: أعلم ما تَشكُو يا يعقوب، قال: ثم قال يعقوب: أيْ ربِّ، أما تَرحمُ الشيخَ الكبير، أذهبتَ بصري وقوَّستَ ظهري، فاردُدْ عليَّ رَيْحانتي أشَمَّه شمًّا قبل الموت، ثم اصنَعْ بي ما أردتَ، قال: فأتاه جبريل فقال: إِنَّ الله يُقرِئُك السلامَ ويقول لك: أبشِرْ وليَفرَحْ قلبُك، فوَعِزَّتي لو كانا ميتين لنَشَرتُهما، فاصنَعْ طعامًا للمساكين، فإنَّ أحبَّ عبادي إليَّ الأنبياءُ والمساكينُ، وتدري لِمَ أذهبتُ بصرَك، وقوَّستُ ظهرَك وصَنَعَ إخوةُ يوسفَ به ما صنعوا؟ إنكم ذبحتُم شاةً فأتاكم مسكينٌ يتيمٌ وهو صائم، فلم تُطعِموه منه شيئًا، قال: فكان يعقوب بعدُ إذا أراد الغَداءَ أَمر مناديًا فنادى: ألَا من أراد الغداءَ من المساكين فليتَغدَّ مع يعقوب، وإذا كان صائمًا أَمر مناديًا فنادى: ألا من كان صائمًا من المساكين فليُفطِرْ مع يعقوب (2). قال الحاكم: هكذا في سماعي بخطِّ يدي: حفص بن عمر بن الزُّبير، وأظنُّ الزبيرَ وهمًا من الراوي، فإنه حفصُ بن عمر بن عبد الله بن أبي طَلْحة الأنصاري ابنُ أخي أنس بن مالك، فإن كان كذلك فالحديثُ صحيح! وقد أخرج الإمام أبو يعقوب إسحاقُ بن إبراهيم الحَنظَلي هذا الحديثَ في التفسير مرسَلًا:
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The Prophet of Allah Sayyiduna Ya'qub (peace be upon him) had a brother in Islam (a brother taken for the sake of Allah's pleasure). One day he asked: 'O Ya'qub! What has taken away your sight? And what has bent your back?' Sayyiduna Ya'qub (peace be upon him) said: 'Weeping over Yusuf has taken away my sight, and grief for my son Binyamin has bent my back.' At this Jibril (peace be upon him) came to him and said: 'O Ya'qub! Indeed, Allah sends you His greeting of peace and says: Are you not ashamed to complain about Me to others?' On hearing this, Sayyiduna Ya'qub (peace be upon him) said: 'I only complain of my anguish and my grief to Allah' [Surah Yusuf: 86]. Jibril (peace be upon him) said: 'O Ya'qub! I know what you are complaining of.' Then Sayyiduna Ya'qub (peace be upon him) supplicated: 'O my Lord! Will You not have mercy on this old man? You have taken my sight and bent my back, so return my sweet flower (my son) to me so that I may smell him once before death; then do with me as You will.' So Jibril (peace be upon him) came again and said: 'Indeed, Allah sends you His greeting of peace and says: Receive glad tidings and let your heart rejoice. By My might, even if the two of them had died, I would have brought them back to life for you. So prepare food for the poor, for the most beloved of My servants to Me are the prophets and the poor. And do you know why I took away your sight, bent your back, and why the brothers of Yusuf did to him what they did? (It happened because) you slaughtered a goat, and an orphan poor man came to you who was fasting, and you did not feed him anything from it.'" (The narrator said:) After this it became the practice of Sayyiduna Ya'qub (peace be upon him) that whenever he wanted to eat his morning meal, he would order a caller, who would announce: "Listen! Whoever among the poor wants to eat, let him come and eat with Ya'qub." And when he was fasting, he would order a caller, who would announce: "Listen! Whoever among the poor is fasting, let him come and break his fast with Ya'qub."
Imam al-Hakim said: In my record of hearing, in my own handwriting, it is written thus: "Hafs bin Umar bin al-Zubayr", and I think the name al-Zubayr is an error by the narrator, because this is in fact "Hafs bin Umar bin Abdullah bin Abi Talhah al-Ansari", the nephew of Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him). If that is so, then this hadith is sahih (authentic)! And Imam Abu Ya'qub Ishaq bin Ibrahim al-Hanzali also narrated this hadith in his Tafsir as a mursal report.
Imam al-Hakim said: In my record of hearing, in my own handwriting, it is written thus: "Hafs bin Umar bin al-Zubayr", and I think the name al-Zubayr is an error by the narrator, because this is in fact "Hafs bin Umar bin Abdullah bin Abi Talhah al-Ansari", the nephew of Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him). If that is so, then this hadith is sahih (authentic)! And Imam Abu Ya'qub Ishaq bin Ibrahim al-Hanzali also narrated this hadith in his Tafsir as a mursal report.
أخبرَناه أبو زكريا العَنبَري، حدثنا محمد بن عبد السلام، حدثنا إسحاق، أخبرنا عمرو بن محمد، حدثنا زافرُ بن سليمان، عن يحيى بن عبد الملك، عن أنس بن مالك، عن رسول الله ﷺ قال: "كان ليعقوبَ أخٌ مُؤاخِيًا" فذكر الحديث بنحوه (1).
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Sayyiduna Ya'qub (peace be upon him) had a brother in Islam," and then the narrator mentioned the whole hadith with a meaning similar to the (previous) hadith.
