Mustadrak al-Hakim — Hadith 8027

(1) إسناده صحيح. ابن وهب: هو عبد الله.
Grading: Its chain is "sahih".
Technical note / Defect ('illah): Ibn Wahb in the chain refers to "'Abd Allah bin Wahb".
وأخرجه النسائي (4751) عن يونس بن عبد الأعلى، عن ابن وهب، بهذا الإسناد.
Reference / Source: It was recorded by Imam al-Nasa'i (4751) via Yunus bin 'Abd al-A'la, from Ibn Wahb with this same chain.
ورواه نافع مولى ابن عمر عن ابن عمر واختلف عليه. قال البخاري - كما في "علل الترمذي" (455): أصحاب نافع رووا هذا الحديث عن نافع عن ابن عمر موقوفًا إلّا أيوب، فإنه يرويه عن نافع عن النبي، ويقولون: إنَّ أيوب في آخر أمره أوقفه.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): This narration was reported by Nafi', the freed slave of Ibn 'Umar, from Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), and the narrators differed over its chain. Imam al-Bukhari (may Allah have mercy on him) says in "'Ilal al-Tirmidhi" (455) that (most of) Nafi''s students reported this hadith from Nafi' from Ibn 'Umar as "mawquf" (a statement of the Companion), except Ayyub al-Sakhtiyani, who reports it from Nafi' from the Prophet of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) as "marfu'". However, the critics say that Ayyub too, in the last period of his life, began reporting it as mawquf.
وأخرجه أحمد 8 / (4510) و (4581) و 9 / (5093) و (5094) و (5362) و (5363) و 10 / (6087) و (6103) و (6104) و (6414)، وأبو داود (3261) و (3262)، وابن ماجه (2105) و (2106)، والترمذي (1531)، والنسائي (4716) و (4752) و (4753)، وابن حبان (4339) و (4342) من طرق عن أيوب السختياني، وابن حبان (4340)، والبيهقي 10/ 46 من طريق أيوب بن موسى بن عمرو الأموي، كلاهما عن نافع، به مرفوعًا.
Reference / Source: This marfu' narration was recorded by Imam Ahmad (4510, 4581, 5093, 5094, 5362, 5363, 6087, 6103, 6104, 6414), Abu Dawud (3261, 3262), Ibn Majah (2105, 2106), al-Tirmidhi (1531), al-Nasa'i (4716, 4752, 4753) and Ibn Hibban (4339, 4342) through routes from Ayyub al-Sakhtiyani, and by Ibn Hibban (4340) and al-Bayhaqi (10/46) through Ayyub bin Musa bin 'Amr al-Umawi; both of them narrate it from Nafi' as "marfu'".
قال البيهقي: وإنما يعرف هذا الحديث مرفوعًا من حديث أيوب السختياني. فكأنه شكك في طريق أيوب بن موسى.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): Imam al-Bayhaqi says that this hadith is known as "marfu'" only from the narration of Ayyub al-Sakhtiyani. This statement suggests that al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) doubted the soundness of the route of Ayyub bin Musa.
ورواه من أصحاب أيوب معمرُ عنه عن نافع قال: كان ابن عمر يحلف ويقول: والله لا أفعل كذا وكذا إن شاء الله، فيفعله ثم لا يكفِّر. رواه عبد الرزاق (16113)، وتابع معمرًا على وقفه سفيان الثَّوري عنده برقم (16115).
Details of the narration: Among the students of Ayyub al-Sakhtiyani, Ma'mar bin Rashid reported it via Nafi' as follows: When Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) swore an oath he would say, "By Allah, I will not do such-and-such, in sha' Allah"; then he would do it and not pay expiation for the oath (because saying in sha' Allah makes an exception).
Reference / Source: 'Abd al-Razzaq recorded it (16113), and Sufyan al-Thawri also corroborated this "mawquf" narration of Ma'mar, with him at (16115).
قال حماد بن زيد: كان أيوب يرفع هذا الحديث ثم تركه. أخرجه البيهقي 10/ 46.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): Hammad bin Zayd says that Ayyub al-Sakhtiyani used to report this hadith as "marfu'", then later he abandoned that (out of caution).
Reference / Source: Al-Bayhaqi reported this in (10/46).
وأخرجه الطبراني في "الأوسط" (3075)، وتمام في "الفوائد" (447)، وأبو نعيم في "الحلية" 6/ 79 من طريق حسان بن عطية، عن نافع، به مرفوعًا. قال الطبراني وأبو نعيم: تفرَّد برفعه عمرو بن هاشم البيروتي. قلنا: وهو ليِّن.
Reference / Source: It was recorded by al-Tabarani in "al-Mu'jam al-Awsat" (3075), Tammam al-Razi in "al-Fawa'id" (447) and Abu Nu'aym in "al-Hilyah" (6/79) with the chain Hassan bin 'Atiyyah from Nafi', as marfu'.
Grading: According to al-Tabarani and Abu Nu'aym, 'Amr bin Hashim al-Bayruti is alone in reporting it as marfu', and he is "layyin al-hadith" (a narrator with weak memory).
ورواه عبيد الله بن عمر العمري عن نافع واختلف عليه، فرواه أبو معاوية محمد بن خازم عنه عن نافع به مرفوعًا عند أبي الشيخ في "طبقات المحدثين بأصبهان" (225)، وعنه أبو نعيم في "تاريخ أصبهان" 2/ 140.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): 'Ubayd Allah bin 'Umar al-'Umari also narrated it from Nafi', and his students also differed. Abu Mu'awiyah Muhammad bin Khazim narrated it with the chain 'Ubayd Allah from Nafi' as "marfu'", as in Abu al-Shaykh's "Tabaqat al-Muhaddithin" (225) and Abu Nu'aym's "Tarikh Asbahan" (2/140).
ورواه ابن جريج وعبد الرزاق عن عبيد الله عن نافع به موقوفًا عند عبد الرزاق (16112).
Reference / Source: On the other hand, Ibn Jurayj and 'Abd al-Razzaq narrated it from 'Ubayd Allah al-'Umari as "mawquf" ('Abd al-Razzaq 16112).
وأخرجه مالك في "الموطأ" 2/ 477 عن نافع عن ابن عمر موقوفًا.
Reference / Source: Imam Malik narrated it in "al-Muwatta'" (2/477) with the chain Nafi' from Ibn 'Umar, also as "mawquf".
وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (16111) عن عبد الله بن عمر العمري، والبيهقي 10/ 46 من طريق ابن وهب، عن عبد الله بن عمر ومالك بن أنس وأسامة بن زيد ثلاثتهم عن نافع، عن عبد الله بن عمر، فذكره موقوفًا.
Reference / Source: It was recorded by 'Abd al-Razzaq (16111) from 'Abd Allah bin 'Umar al-'Umari, and by al-Bayhaqi (10/46) through Ibn Wahb, from 'Abd Allah bin 'Umar, Imam Malik and Usamah bin Zayd, all three of them from Nafi' from Ibn 'Umar, as "mawquf".
وأخرجه ابن عدي 3/ 86، والبيهقي 10/ 47 من طريق موسى بن عقبة، عن نافع به موقوفًا. وفي إسناده داود بن عطاء وهو ضعيف.
Grading: Ibn 'Adi (3/86) and al-Bayhaqi (10/47) narrated it with the chain Musa bin 'Uqbah from Nafi' as "mawquf".
Technical note / Defect ('illah): Its chain contains a narrator named Dawud bin 'Ata', who is "da'if".
وأخرج الطحاوي في "شرح المشكل" 5/ 181، والدارقطني (4329)، والبيهقي 10/ 81 من طريق عبد الرحمن بن أبي الزناد، عن أبيه، عن سالم عن ابن عمر موقوفًا بلفظ: كل استثناء موصول فلا حنث على صاحبه، وإن كان غير موصول فهو حانث.
Details of the narration: Imam al-Tahawi (5/181), al-Daraqutni (4329) and al-Bayhaqi (10/81) narrated through 'Abd al-Rahman bin Abi al-Zinad, from his father, from Salim bin 'Abd Allah, from Ibn 'Umar as "mawquf": "Every exception that is joined (to the oath), there is no breaking of the oath upon the one who says it; and if the exception is not joined (coming after a considerable pause), he is counted as hanith (one who has broken the oath)."
ويشهد له بنحو لفظ المصنف حديثُ أبي هريرة عند أحمد 13/ 8088)، وابن ماجه (2104)، والترمذي (1532) والنسائي (3855)، وابن حبّان (1185). وإسناده صحيح.
Corroborating chains and supporting reports: The wording given by the author (al-Hakim) is supported by the hadith of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), found in Musnad Ahmad (13/8088), Ibn Majah (2104), al-Tirmidhi (1532), al-Nasa'i (3855) and Ibn Hibban (1185).
Grading: Its chain is "sahih".
قوله: "له ثنياه" قال السندي في حاشيته على "المسند": الثُّنيا كالدنيا اسم بمعنى الاستثناء، أي: أنَّ الثنيا تنفعه حيث لا يَحنَث، أتى بالمحلوف عليه أم لا، والله أعلم.
Note / Clarification: Regarding the words of the hadith "lahu thunyahu", 'Allamah al-Sindi writes in his gloss on "Musnad Ahmad": The word "al-thunya" is on the pattern of "al-dunya" and means "exception" (istithna'). That is, this exception benefits him and he does not incur the sin of breaking the oath, whether he does the thing he swore about or not. And Allah knows best.