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مستدرکِ حاکم
Mustadrak al-Hakim
كتاب التفسير
Book of Tafsir
أَسْبَابُ نُزُولِ هَارُوتَ وَمَارُوتَ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْأَرْضِ
The causes of Harut and Marut descending to the earth
Mustadrak al-Hakim — Hadith 3696
اُردوEn
أخبرنا أبو زكريا العَنبَري، حَدَّثَنَا محمد بن عبد السلام، أخبرنا إسحاق، أخبرنا حَكَّام بن سَلْم الرازي - وكان ثقةً - حَدَّثَنَا أبو جعفر الرازي، عن الرَّبيع بن أنس، عن قيس بن عُبَاد، عن ابن عبَّاس في قوله ﷿: ﴿وَمَا أُنزِلَ عَلَى الْمَلَكَيْنِ بِبَابِلَ هَارُوتَ وَمَارُوتَ﴾ الآية [البقرة: 102]، قال: إِنَّ الناس بعد آدمَ وَقَعُوا فِي الشِّرك، اتَّخَذوا هذه الأصنام وعَبَدوا غيرَ الله، قال: فجعلتِ الملائكةُ يَدْعُون عليهم ويقولون: ربَّنا خلقتَ عبادَك فأحسنتَ خَلْقَهم، ورَزَقتهم فأحسنتَ رِزْقَهم، فَعَصَوْكَ وعَبَدوا غيرَك، اللهمَ اللهمَّ، يَدعُون عليهم، فقال لهم الربُّ ﷿: إنهم في غَيبٍ، فجعلوا لا يَعذِرُونهم، فقال: اختاروا منكم اثنين أُهبِطُهما إلى الأرض فآمُرُهما وأنهاهُما، فاختاروا هاروتَ وماروتَ، قال: وذكر الحديث بطوله فيهما، وقال فيه: فلما شَرِبا الخمرَ وانتَشَيا وَقَعا بالمرأة وقَتَلا النفسَ، فكثُرَ اللَّغَطُ فيما بينهما وبين الملائكة، فنَظَروا إليهما وما يعملان، ففي ذلك أَنزَل الله ﷿ بعد ذلك: ﴿وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ يُسَبِّحُونَ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّهِمْ وَيَسْتَغْفِرُونَ لِمَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ﴾ الآية [الشورى: 5]، قال: فجعل بعدَ ذلك الملائكةُ يَعذِرون أهلَ الأرض ويَدْعُون لهم (1).
هذا حديث صحيح الإسناد، ولم يُخرجاه.
[التعليق - من تلخيص الذهبي] ترقيم العلميه 3655 - صحيح
هذا حديث صحيح الإسناد، ولم يُخرجاه.
[التعليق - من تلخيص الذهبي] ترقيم العلميه 3655 - صحيح
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) concerning the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "And what was sent down to the two angels at Babylon, Harut and Marut" [Surah al-Baqarah: 102], that he said: After Sayyiduna Adam (peace be upon him), when people fell into shirk, took idols as objects of worship and began worshipping others besides Allah, the angels began to supplicate against them, saying: O our Lord! You created these servants of Yours and gave them the finest form, You provided for them and were generous to them, yet they disobeyed You and began worshipping others; they kept supplicating against them continuously. Then the Lord, the Mighty and Majestic, said to them: They are in the unseen (a state of trial). But the angels did not accept their excuse. Then Allah said: Choose two from among yourselves whom I will send down to the earth and give commands and prohibitions. So they chose Harut and Marut. Then the narrator related their lengthy story and said: When the two of them drank wine and became intoxicated, they committed an evil act with the woman and killed a soul. At this there was an uproar among the angels; they looked at the two of them and at their deeds. Then Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, revealed this verse: "And the angels glorify with the praise of their Lord and seek forgiveness for those on earth." [Surah al-Shura: 5] The narrator says: After that the angels began to understand the excuse of the people of the earth and to supplicate for them.
This hadith is sahih (authentic) in its chain of narration, and the two Shaykhs (Bukhari and Muslim) did not record it.
This hadith is sahih (authentic) in its chain of narration, and the two Shaykhs (Bukhari and Muslim) did not record it.
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Adil Murshid et al.
(1) إسناده حسن في المتابعات والشواهد من أجل أبي جعفر الرازي - وهو عيسى بن أبي عيسى - وإن كان في حفظه سوء وله مناكير فإنّ هذه القصة قد رويت عن ابن عبَّاس من غير طريقه بأسانيد فيها ضعف، وهذه القصة قد ثبت أنَّ كعب الأحبار قد حدَّث بها بعضَ أصحاب النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فقد روى عبد الرزاق في "تفسيره" 1/ 53 وابن أبي الدنيا في "العقوبات" (224) بإسناد صحيح إلى عبد الله بن عمر أنَّ كعبًا حدثه بذلك، فدار الحديث ورجع - كما قال الحافظ ابن كثير في "تفسيره" 1/ 199 - إلى نقل كعب الأحبار عن كتب بني إسرائيل، والله أعلم.
Grading: This chain is "hasan" in corroborations and supporting reports because of "Abu Ja'far al-Razi" (Isa bin Abi Isa).
Technical note / Defect ('illah): Although his memory was poor and he has munkar reports, this story has also been narrated from Ibn Abbas through other routes (which contain weakness). It is established that Ka'b al-Ahbar narrated this story to some of the Companions (Abd al-Razzaq 1/ 53 and Ibn Abi al-Dunya 224 have it with a sahih chain to Ibn Umar that Ka'b told him this). So this hadith, after going round, comes back to Ka'b al-Ahbar's transmission from the books of the Children of Israel, as Ibn Kathir (1/ 199) said. And Allah knows best.
وأما خبر ابن عبَّاس هذا، فقد أخرجه البيهقي في "شعب الإيمان" (6270) عن أبي عبد الله الحاكم، بهذا الإسناد.
Reference / Source: As for this report of Ibn Abbas, it was recorded by al-Bayhaqi in "Shu'ab al-Iman" (6270) from Abu Abd Allah al-Hakim, with this chain.
وأخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في "تفسيره" 1/ 189 - 190 من طريق آدم بن أبي إياس، عن أبي جعفر الرازي، به.
Reference / Source: It was recorded by Ibn Abi Hatim (1/ 189-190) via Adam bin Abi Iyas, from Abu Ja'far al-Razi.
وأخرجه بمعناه ابن أبي الدنيا في "العقوبات" (221)، وابن أبي حاتم 1/ 191 - 192 من وجهين فيهما لِينٌ عن ابن عبَّاس.
Reference / Source: It was recorded by Ibn Abi al-Dunya (al-'Uqubat 221) and Ibn Abi Hatim (1/ 191-192) through two routes from Ibn Abbas, which contain "softness" (lin, i.e. slight weakness).
وانظر التعليق على حديث ابن عمر في "مسند أحمد" 10/ (6178)، وما سلف برقم (3088) و (3089).
Note / Clarification: See the commentary on the hadith of Ibn Umar in Musnad Ahmad (10/ 6178), and what passed earlier at (3088, 3089).
Grading: This chain is "hasan" in corroborations and supporting reports because of "Abu Ja'far al-Razi" (Isa bin Abi Isa).
Technical note / Defect ('illah): Although his memory was poor and he has munkar reports, this story has also been narrated from Ibn Abbas through other routes (which contain weakness). It is established that Ka'b al-Ahbar narrated this story to some of the Companions (Abd al-Razzaq 1/ 53 and Ibn Abi al-Dunya 224 have it with a sahih chain to Ibn Umar that Ka'b told him this). So this hadith, after going round, comes back to Ka'b al-Ahbar's transmission from the books of the Children of Israel, as Ibn Kathir (1/ 199) said. And Allah knows best.
وأما خبر ابن عبَّاس هذا، فقد أخرجه البيهقي في "شعب الإيمان" (6270) عن أبي عبد الله الحاكم، بهذا الإسناد.
Reference / Source: As for this report of Ibn Abbas, it was recorded by al-Bayhaqi in "Shu'ab al-Iman" (6270) from Abu Abd Allah al-Hakim, with this chain.
وأخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في "تفسيره" 1/ 189 - 190 من طريق آدم بن أبي إياس، عن أبي جعفر الرازي، به.
Reference / Source: It was recorded by Ibn Abi Hatim (1/ 189-190) via Adam bin Abi Iyas, from Abu Ja'far al-Razi.
وأخرجه بمعناه ابن أبي الدنيا في "العقوبات" (221)، وابن أبي حاتم 1/ 191 - 192 من وجهين فيهما لِينٌ عن ابن عبَّاس.
Reference / Source: It was recorded by Ibn Abi al-Dunya (al-'Uqubat 221) and Ibn Abi Hatim (1/ 191-192) through two routes from Ibn Abbas, which contain "softness" (lin, i.e. slight weakness).
وانظر التعليق على حديث ابن عمر في "مسند أحمد" 10/ (6178)، وما سلف برقم (3088) و (3089).
Note / Clarification: See the commentary on the hadith of Ibn Umar in Musnad Ahmad (10/ 6178), and what passed earlier at (3088, 3089).
Source: Al-Mustadrak ala al-Sahihayn (Takhrij & Tahqiq: Shaykh Adil Murshid et al.), Page: 3696
