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مستدرکِ حاکم
Mustadrak al-Hakim
كتاب النكاح
Book of Marriage
شَأْنُ نُزُولِ آيَةِ : ( نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ )
The occasion of revelation of the verse "Your wives are a tilth for you"
Mustadrak al-Hakim — Hadith 2827
اُردوEn
أخبرنا أبو النضر الفقيه وأبو الحسن العَنَزي، قالا: حدثنا عثمان بن سعيد الدارمي، حدثنا أبو الأصبَغ عبد العزيز بن يحيى الحرّاني، حدثنا محمد بن سلمة، عن محمد بن إسحاق، عن أبان بن صالح، عن مجاهد، عن ابن عباس، قال: إنَّ ابن عمر - واللهُ يغفرُ له - وَهِمَ، إنما كان هذا الحيُّ من الأنصار وهُم أهلُ وَثَن مع هذا الحي من اليهود وهم أهل كتاب، كانوا يَرَون لهم فضلًا عليهم، فكانُوا يَقتدُون بكثيرٍ من فِعْلهم، وكان مِن أمر أهل الكتاب أن لا يأتُوا النساءَ إلّا على حَرْفٍ واحدٍ، وذلك أستَرُ ما تكون المرأة، فكان هذا الحي من الأنصار قد أخذوا بذلك من فِعْلهم، وكان هذا الحي من قريش يَشْرَحُون النساء شَرْحًا منكرًا، ويتلذَّذون منهن مُقبِلاتٍ ومُدبِراتٍ ومُستلْقِياتٍ، فلما قَدِمَ المهاجرون المدينة، تزوج رجل منهم امرأةً من الأنصار، فذهب يصنعُ بها ذلك، فأنكرتْه عليه، وقالت: إنما كنا نُؤتى على حَرْفٍ، فاصنَعْ ذلك وإلّا فاجتَنِبْني، حتى شَرِيَ (1) أمرُهما، فبلغ ذاك رسولَ الله ﷺ، فأنزل الله ﵎: ﴿نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ﴾ [البقرة: 223]، أي: مُقبِلات ومُدبِرات ومُستلْقِيات، يعني بذلك موضعَ الولد (1).
هذا حديث صحيح على شرط مسلم، ولم يُخرجاه بهذه السِّياقة، إنما اتفقا (2) على حديث محمد بن المُنكَدِر عن جابر في هذا الباب. هذا آخر كتاب النكاح، وأول كتاب الطلاق [كتاب الطلاق] ﷽
[التعليق - من تلخيص الذهبي] ترقيم العلميه 2791 - على شرط مسلم_x000D_ كِتَابُ الطَّلَاقِ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ
هذا حديث صحيح على شرط مسلم، ولم يُخرجاه بهذه السِّياقة، إنما اتفقا (2) على حديث محمد بن المُنكَدِر عن جابر في هذا الباب. هذا آخر كتاب النكاح، وأول كتاب الطلاق [كتاب الطلاق] ﷽
[التعليق - من تلخيص الذهبي] ترقيم العلميه 2791 - على شرط مسلم_x000D_ كِتَابُ الطَّلَاقِ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: Ibn Umar (may Allah forgive him) was mistaken in this matter. The actual story is that this tribe of the Ansar were idol-worshippers and lived alongside the Jews, who were People of the Book. The Ansar acknowledged their (scholarly) superiority and followed them in many of their practices. The way of the People of the Book was to approach women only from one side (lying on the side), which was the most modest position for a woman, and the Ansar had adopted this practice from them. On the other hand, the Quraysh used to enjoy women lying on their backs, from the front, from behind and in various ways. When the Muhajirun came to Madinah, a man among them married a woman of the Ansar and wanted to do the same with her, but she firmly refused and said: "We have been accustomed only to one particular side (for intimacy). Either you do the same, or keep away from me." Eventually their matter became serious and reached the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Then Allah Almighty revealed this verse: 'Your wives are a tilth for you, so come to your tilth however (from whichever direction) you wish' [Surah al-Baqarah: 223], meaning whether from the front, from behind or lying on the back, provided that what is meant is the place of childbirth (the private part).
This hadith is sahih (authentic) on the condition of Imam Muslim, but the two Shaykhs did not record it with this wording; they agreed upon the hadith of Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) on this topic. This is the end of the Book of Marriage and the beginning of the Book of Divorce.
This hadith is sahih (authentic) on the condition of Imam Muslim, but the two Shaykhs did not record it with this wording; they agreed upon the hadith of Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) on this topic. This is the end of the Book of Marriage and the beginning of the Book of Divorce.
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Adil Murshid et al.
(1) في (ص) و (ع) و (ب): سرى، بالسين المهملة وآخره ألف مقصورة، والمثبت من (ز) ¤ ¤ و"تلخيص الذهبي" بالشين المعجمة وآخره ياء تحتانية، وكذلك جاء في رواية البيهقي في "السنن الكبرى" 7/ 195 عن الحاكم، ومعنى شَرِيَ: ارتفع وعظم.
Note / Clarification: In manuscripts (S), ('A) and (B) it is "sara" (with the undotted sin and ending in alif maqsurah), while we have established the text from (Z) and al-Dhahabi's "Talkhis" as "shariya" (with the dotted shin and ending in ya'). It also appears this way in al-Bayhaqi's narration in "al-Sunan al-Kubra" (7/ 195) from al-Hakim. "Shariya" means: it rose and grew great.
(1) صحيح لغيره، وهذا إسناد حسن من أجل محمد بن إسحاق، وقد صرَّح بسماعه في الطريق الآتية برقم (3142).
Grading: This hadith is "sahih li-ghayrihi" (sahih due to supporting evidence), and this chain is "hasan" because of Muhammad bin Ishaq.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): He explicitly stated his hearing in the coming route at no. (3142).
وأخرجه أبو داود (2164) عن أبي الأصبغ الحراني، بهذا الإسناد.
Reference / Source: Abu Dawud (2164) narrated it from Abu al-Asbagh al-Harrani, with this chain.
وأخرج أحمد 4/ (2703)، والترمذي (2980)، والنسائي (8928) و (10973)، وابن حبان (4202) من طريق سعيد بن جبير، عن ابن عباس، قال: جاء عمر بن الخطاب إلى رسول الله ﷺ، فقال: يا رسول الله، هلكتُ، قال: "وما الذي أهلكك؟ " قال: حوّلتُ رحلي البارحة، قال: فلم يردّ عليه شيئًا، قال: فأوحى الله إلى رسوله هذه الآية ﴿نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ﴾ "أَقبِل وأَدبِر، واتق الدُّبُر والحيضة". وإسناده حسن.
Reference / Source: Ahmad (4/ 2703), al-Tirmidhi (2980), al-Nasa'i (8928 and 10973) and Ibn Hibban (4202) narrated via Sa'id bin Jubayr from Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: 'Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah, I am ruined! He said: "What has ruined you?" He said: I turned my saddle around last night (an allusion to a particular manner of intercourse). He said: He gave him no reply, until Allah revealed this verse to His Messenger: ﴿نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ﴾ ("Your wives are a tilth for you, so go to your tilth as you wish"): "Approach from the front or from behind, but avoid the anus and (intercourse during) menstruation." Its chain is "hasan".
وأخرج أحمد 44/ (26601)، والترمذي (2979) عن أم سلمة، قالت: إنَّ الأنصار كانوا لا يَجبُّون النساء (يعني وطأَهُن وهنّ مُنكبّات على وجوههن) وكانت اليهود تقول: إنَّ من جَبّى امرأته كان ولده أحول، فلما قدم المهاجرون المدينة نكحوا نساء الأنصار، فجبُّوهن، فأبت امرأة أن تطيع زوجها فقالت لزوجها: لن تفعل ذلك حتى آتي رسول الله ﷺ، فدخلت على أم سلمة، فذكرت ذلك لها، فقالت: اجلسي حتى يأتي رسول الله ﷺ، فلما جاء رسولُ الله ﷺ استحيتْ الأنصارية أن تسأله فخرجت، فحدثت أم سلمة رسول الله ﷺ، فقال: "ادعي الأنصارية، فدُعيَت" فتلا عليها ﴿نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ﴾ صِمامًا واحدًا. وإسناده قوي.
Reference / Source: Ahmad (44/ 26601) and al-Tirmidhi (2979) narrated from Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said: The Ansar would not "jabb" their women (i.e. have intercourse with them while they lay face down), and the Jews used to say: whoever has intercourse with his wife lying face down, his child will be born squint-eyed (ahwal). When the Muhajirun came to Madinah they married women of the Ansar and did so with them. One woman refused to obey her husband and said to him: You will not do that until I go to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). She went in to Umm Salamah and mentioned that to her, and she said: Sit until the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) comes. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came, the Ansari woman was too shy to ask him and went out, so Umm Salamah told the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he said: "Call the Ansari woman." She was called, and he recited to her: ﴿نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ﴾ ("Your wives are a tilth for you, so go to your tilth as you wish") "in one passage only (the vagina)". Its chain is "qawi" (strong).
قوله: "يشرحون النساء" أي: يأتونهنَّ وهنّ مستلقيات على أقفائهنّ أو على وجوههنّ.
Note / Clarification: "Yashrahuna al-nisa'" means: they have intercourse with women while they lie on their backs or face down.
وقوله: "على حَرْفٍ واحدٍ" أي: إتيانهنَّ على جَنْب.
Note / Clarification: "'Ala harfin wahid" means: having intercourse with them lying on their side.
(2) البخاري (4528) ومسلم (1435)، بلفظ: كانت اليهود تقول: إذا جامعها من ورائها، جاء الوليد أحوَل، فنزلت … وذكر الآية.
Reference / Source: Al-Bukhari (4528) and Muslim (1435) narrated it with the wording: "The Jews used to say: if a man has intercourse with his wife from behind her, the child will be born squint-eyed; so there was revealed …" and he mentioned the verse.
Note / Clarification: In manuscripts (S), ('A) and (B) it is "sara" (with the undotted sin and ending in alif maqsurah), while we have established the text from (Z) and al-Dhahabi's "Talkhis" as "shariya" (with the dotted shin and ending in ya'). It also appears this way in al-Bayhaqi's narration in "al-Sunan al-Kubra" (7/ 195) from al-Hakim. "Shariya" means: it rose and grew great.
(1) صحيح لغيره، وهذا إسناد حسن من أجل محمد بن إسحاق، وقد صرَّح بسماعه في الطريق الآتية برقم (3142).
Grading: This hadith is "sahih li-ghayrihi" (sahih due to supporting evidence), and this chain is "hasan" because of Muhammad bin Ishaq.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): He explicitly stated his hearing in the coming route at no. (3142).
وأخرجه أبو داود (2164) عن أبي الأصبغ الحراني، بهذا الإسناد.
Reference / Source: Abu Dawud (2164) narrated it from Abu al-Asbagh al-Harrani, with this chain.
وأخرج أحمد 4/ (2703)، والترمذي (2980)، والنسائي (8928) و (10973)، وابن حبان (4202) من طريق سعيد بن جبير، عن ابن عباس، قال: جاء عمر بن الخطاب إلى رسول الله ﷺ، فقال: يا رسول الله، هلكتُ، قال: "وما الذي أهلكك؟ " قال: حوّلتُ رحلي البارحة، قال: فلم يردّ عليه شيئًا، قال: فأوحى الله إلى رسوله هذه الآية ﴿نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ﴾ "أَقبِل وأَدبِر، واتق الدُّبُر والحيضة". وإسناده حسن.
Reference / Source: Ahmad (4/ 2703), al-Tirmidhi (2980), al-Nasa'i (8928 and 10973) and Ibn Hibban (4202) narrated via Sa'id bin Jubayr from Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: 'Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah, I am ruined! He said: "What has ruined you?" He said: I turned my saddle around last night (an allusion to a particular manner of intercourse). He said: He gave him no reply, until Allah revealed this verse to His Messenger: ﴿نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ﴾ ("Your wives are a tilth for you, so go to your tilth as you wish"): "Approach from the front or from behind, but avoid the anus and (intercourse during) menstruation." Its chain is "hasan".
وأخرج أحمد 44/ (26601)، والترمذي (2979) عن أم سلمة، قالت: إنَّ الأنصار كانوا لا يَجبُّون النساء (يعني وطأَهُن وهنّ مُنكبّات على وجوههن) وكانت اليهود تقول: إنَّ من جَبّى امرأته كان ولده أحول، فلما قدم المهاجرون المدينة نكحوا نساء الأنصار، فجبُّوهن، فأبت امرأة أن تطيع زوجها فقالت لزوجها: لن تفعل ذلك حتى آتي رسول الله ﷺ، فدخلت على أم سلمة، فذكرت ذلك لها، فقالت: اجلسي حتى يأتي رسول الله ﷺ، فلما جاء رسولُ الله ﷺ استحيتْ الأنصارية أن تسأله فخرجت، فحدثت أم سلمة رسول الله ﷺ، فقال: "ادعي الأنصارية، فدُعيَت" فتلا عليها ﴿نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ﴾ صِمامًا واحدًا. وإسناده قوي.
Reference / Source: Ahmad (44/ 26601) and al-Tirmidhi (2979) narrated from Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said: The Ansar would not "jabb" their women (i.e. have intercourse with them while they lay face down), and the Jews used to say: whoever has intercourse with his wife lying face down, his child will be born squint-eyed (ahwal). When the Muhajirun came to Madinah they married women of the Ansar and did so with them. One woman refused to obey her husband and said to him: You will not do that until I go to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). She went in to Umm Salamah and mentioned that to her, and she said: Sit until the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) comes. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came, the Ansari woman was too shy to ask him and went out, so Umm Salamah told the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he said: "Call the Ansari woman." She was called, and he recited to her: ﴿نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ﴾ ("Your wives are a tilth for you, so go to your tilth as you wish") "in one passage only (the vagina)". Its chain is "qawi" (strong).
قوله: "يشرحون النساء" أي: يأتونهنَّ وهنّ مستلقيات على أقفائهنّ أو على وجوههنّ.
Note / Clarification: "Yashrahuna al-nisa'" means: they have intercourse with women while they lie on their backs or face down.
وقوله: "على حَرْفٍ واحدٍ" أي: إتيانهنَّ على جَنْب.
Note / Clarification: "'Ala harfin wahid" means: having intercourse with them lying on their side.
(2) البخاري (4528) ومسلم (1435)، بلفظ: كانت اليهود تقول: إذا جامعها من ورائها، جاء الوليد أحوَل، فنزلت … وذكر الآية.
Reference / Source: Al-Bukhari (4528) and Muslim (1435) narrated it with the wording: "The Jews used to say: if a man has intercourse with his wife from behind her, the child will be born squint-eyed; so there was revealed …" and he mentioned the verse.
Source: Al-Mustadrak ala al-Sahihayn (Takhrij & Tahqiq: Shaykh Adil Murshid et al.), Page: 2827
