مصنف ابن ابي شيبه
Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah
كتاب السير
Book of Military Conduct
في الأمان ما هو وكيف هو؟
Safe conduct: what is it and how is it given?
Toggle above to switch between keyword search and direct hadith lookup
٣٥٦٣٦ - حدثنا عباد بن العوام (عن حصين) (١) عن أبي عطية قال: كتب عمر إلى أهل الكوفة أنه ذكر لي أن (مطرس) (٢) بلسان الفارسية: الأمنة، فإن قلتموها لمن لا يفقه لسانكم فهو آمن (٣).
It is narrated from Abu Atiyyah (may Allah have mercy on him) that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to the people of Kufah: I have been told that the word 'matars' means safe conduct in Persian. If you say 'matars' to someone who does not understand your language, it will count as safe conduct.
٣٥٦٣٧ - حدثنا ريحان بن سعيد قال: حدثني مرزوق بن عمرو قال: حدثني أبو فرقد قال: كنا مع أبي موسى الأشعري يوم فتحنا سوق الأهواز، فسعى رجل من المشركين وسعيا رجلان من المسلمين خلفه، فبينما هو يسعى ويسعيان إذ قال له أحدهما: مترس، (فقام الرجل) (١) فأخذاه (فجاءا) (٢) به وأبو موسى يضرب أعناق ⦗٤٥٣⦘ الأسارى حتى انتهى (الأمر) (٣) إلى الرجل فقال أحدهما: إن هذا قد جعل له الأمان، فقال أبو موسى: وكيف جعل له الأمان؟ قال: إنه كان يسعى ذاهبًا في الأرض فقلت له: مترس فقام، فقال أبو موسى: وما مترس؟ قال: لا (تخاف) (٤)، قال: هذا أمان خليا سبيله، فخليا سبيل الرجل (٥).
Abu Farqad (may Allah have mercy on him) said: When we conquered Suq al-Ahwaz, I was with Sayyiduna Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him). A man from the polytheists fled, and two men from the Muslims ran after him. While they were running, one of them said to that polytheist: Matars (safe conduct). On hearing this the man stood still. They seized him and brought him to Sayyiduna Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) while he was having the captives executed. When this man's turn came, one of the two said: He has safe conduct. Sayyiduna Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: How did he get safe conduct? He said: He was running away, and I said matars to him, and he stood still. Sayyiduna Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: What does matars mean? He said: It means do not fear. He said: This is safe conduct; let him go. Then we let him go.
٣٥٦٣٨ - حدثنا مروان بن معاوية عن حميد عن أنس قال: حاصرنا تستر فنزل الهرمزان على حكم عمر، فبعث به أبو موسى معي، فلما قدمنا على عمر سكت الهرمزان فلم يتكلم، فقال عمر: تكلم، فقال: كلام حي أو كلام ميت؟ قال: فتكلم فلا بأس، فقال: (إنا) (١) وإياكم معشر العرب ما خلى اللَّه بيننا وبينكم، (كنا نقتلكم) (٢) ونقصيكم، (فأما إذ) (٣) كان اللَّه معكم لم يكن لنا بكم يدان، قال: فقال عمر: ما (تقول) (٤) يا أنس؟ قال: قلت: يا أمير المؤمنين تركت خلفي شوكة شديدة و (عددًا) (٥) كثيرًا، إن قتلته أيس القوم من الحياة، وكان أشد لشوكتهم، وإن استحييته طمع القوم، فقال: (يا) (٦) أنس (أستحيى) (٧) قاتل البراء بن مالك و (مجزأة) (٨) بن ثور، فلما ⦗٤٥٤⦘ خشيت أن يبسط عليه قلت له: ليس (لك) (٩) إلى قتله سبيل، فقال عمر: لم؟ أعطاك، أصبت منه، قلت: ما فعلت، ولكنك قلت له: تكلم فلا بأس، فقال: لتجيئن بمن يشهد معك (وإلا بدأت) (١٠) بعقوبتك، قال: فخرجت من عنده فإذا بالزبير بن العوام قد (حفظ) (١١) ما حفظت، فشهد عنده (فتركه) (١٢)، (وأسلم) (١٣) الهرمزان وفرض له (١٤).
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that when we besieged Tustar, al-Hurmuzan came down at the order of Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) and gave himself up. Sayyiduna Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) sent him with me. When we came to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), al-Hurmuzan fell silent and said nothing. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Speak. He said: The speech of the living or the speech of the dead? Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Speak, there is no harm. Al-Hurmuzan said: O people of the Arabs, as long as Allah left us and you to one another, we used to kill you and drive you away. But now that Allah is with you, we have no power to fight you. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), what is your opinion? Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I said: O Commander of the Faithful (may Allah be pleased with him), I have left behind me great might and a large number. If you kill him, the people will despair of life, and that will make their might all the fiercer; and if you keep him alive, the people will have hope. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Anas (may Allah be pleased with him)! Shall I spare the killer of Sayyiduna al-Bara bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) and Mijza'ah bin Thawr? Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When I feared that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) would kill him, I said to him: You have no lawful way to kill him. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Why? Has he given you something? Have you taken something from him? I said: I have taken nothing, but you yourself said to him: Speak, there is no harm for you. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: You must bring someone to testify with you, otherwise you will be punished. Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When I left him, I suddenly met Sayyiduna al-Zubayr bin al-Awwam (may Allah be pleased with him), who had remembered just what I had remembered. He testified before Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and he (may Allah be pleased with him) let him go. Al-Hurmuzan became a Muslim, and a stipend was fixed for him.
٣٥٦٣٩ - (حدثنا وكيع) (١) حدثنا الأعمش عن أبي وائل قال: أتانا كتاب عمر ونحن (بخانقين) (٢) إذا قال الرجل للرجل: لا (تدهل) (٣)؛ فقد أمنه، وإذا قال: لا تخف فقد أمنه، وإذا قال: مطرس فقد أمنه، قال: اللَّه يعلم (الألسنة) (٤) (٥).
Abu Wa'il said: When we were at Khaniqin, a letter from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) came to us. In it was: When a man says to someone 'la tadhal' (do not fear), he has given him safe conduct; and if he says 'la takhaf', he has likewise given him safe conduct; and if he says 'matars', he has given him safe conduct. Indeed, Allah Almighty knows all languages.
٣٥٦٤٠ - حدثنا وكيع قال: ثنا (أسامة بن زيد) (١) عن أبان بن صالح عن مجاهد قال: قال عمر: أيما رجل من المسلمين أشار إلى رجل من العدو ⦗٤٥٥⦘ (لئن) (٢) نزلت لأقتلنك، فنزل وهو يرى أنه أمان فقد أمنه (٣).
Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Whoever among the Muslims makes a sign to the enemy, saying: If you give yourself up I will kill you, and the man comes down and gives himself up thinking that this is safe conduct, he has safe conduct.
٣٥٦٤١ - [حدثنا وكيع قال: ثنا موسى بن عبيدة عن طلحة بن عبيد اللَّه بن كريز قال: كتب عمر إلى أمراء (الأجناد) (١): أيما رجل من المسلمين أشار إلى رجل من العدو: لئن نزلت لأقتلنك فنزل وهو يرى أنه أمان، فقد أمنه] (٢) (٣).
Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to the commanders of the armies: Whoever among the Muslims makes a sign to a man of the enemy, saying: If you give yourself up I will kill you, and the man comes down and gives himself up thinking that this is safe conduct, he has safe conduct.
