Safe conduct given by a woman or a slave

It is narrated from Abd al-Rahman bin Maslamah (may Allah have mercy on him) that a man gave safe conduct (protection) to some people, and he was with Sayyiduna Amr bin al-As, Sayyiduna Khalid bin al-Walid and Sayyiduna Abu Ubaydah bin al-Jarrah (may Allah be pleased with them). Sayyiduna Amr and Sayyiduna Khalid bin al-Walid (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: We will not give protection to the one he has protected. Sayyiduna Abu Ubaydah bin al-Jarrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Whoever among the Muslims gives protection to someone, that person is to be given protection.

Sayyiduna Abu Ubaydah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he said: Whoever among the Muslims gives protection to someone, that person has protection.

Something similar is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Umamah (may Allah be pleased with him).

It is narrated from Abu Murrah that when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) conquered Makkah, Sayyidah Umm Hani (may Allah be pleased with her) said: Two relatives of my husband fled to me, so I gave them protection. My brother Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) came to me and said: I will certainly kill them. Sayyidah Umm Hani (may Allah be pleased with her) said: I locked the two of them in a room and went to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) in the upper part of Makkah. On seeing me he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Welcome, Umm Hani (may Allah be pleased with her)! Have you come in good health? I said: O Prophet of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Two men of my husband's family fled to me, so I gave them protection. My brother Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) came to me and intended to kill them. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: No (they will not be killed). Whomever you have protected, we too have protected, and whomever you have given safety, we too have given safety.

Something similar is narrated from Sayyidah Umm Hani (may Allah be pleased with her), with this addition at its end: Then I went to Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) and stopped him from killing them.

Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: If a woman gives protection to a people, they have protection.

Something similar is narrated from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her).

Fudayl bin Zayd al-Raqashi, who took part in seven campaigns during the caliphate of Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), said: Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) sent an army, and I was part of that army. We besieged the people of Sartah. When we saw that we would conquer it that very day, we said: Let us go back, rest a while, come back refreshed and conquer it. When we went back from there, a slave from among the Muslims stayed behind and spoke with them in a foreign tongue, and he wrote safe conduct (protection) for them on a sheet, tied it to an arrow and shot it to them. When we came back, we saw that they had come out of the fortress. We asked them: What has happened to you? They said: You have given us safe conduct. We said: We have certainly done no such thing; it is only a slave who has given you safe conduct, and he himself has no power over anything. Go back until we write to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) and learn his opinion. They said: We cannot tell your slaves from your free men, and we are not going back. Now, if you wish, kill us, and if you wish, honour the pledge to us. He said: We wrote the situation to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote back: The slave of the Muslims is one of the Muslims; his pledge is their pledge. He said: Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) upheld his safe conduct.

Al-Hasan said: The safe conduct given by a woman or a slave is sound and permissible.

Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: If a woman among the Muslims gives safe conduct, her safe conduct is valid.

Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The pledge of protection of the Muslims is one; even the lowest among them can give protection.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Whoever among the Muslims gives protection to someone, that person is to be given protection.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: The pledge of protection of the Muslims is one; even the lowest among them can give protection.

It is narrated from Amr bin Shu'ayb that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: If even the lowest among the Muslims gives protection, that person has protection.