مصنف ابن ابي شيبه
Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah
كتاب الديات
Book of Blood Money
إن المسلمين تتكافأ دماؤهم
The blood of Muslims is of equal worth
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٢٩٨١٣ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا وكيع عن (خليفة) (١) بن خياط عن عمرو ابن شعيب عن أبيه عن جده (عن) (٢) النبي ﷺ أنه قال: في خطبته (وهو) (٣) مسند ظهره إلى الكعبة قال: "المسلمون تتكافأ دماؤهم، يسعى بذمتهم أدناهم، وهم يد على من سواهم" (٤).
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said in his sermon, while leaning back against the Ka'bah: "The blood of the Muslims is equal and alike among them. Even the lowest of them strives for their covenant, and they are united against others."
٢٩٨١٤ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا أبو الأشهب عن الحسن قال: قال رسول اللَّه ﷺ: "المسلمون تتكافأ دماؤهم، يسعى بذمتهم أدناهم، (وهم) (١) يد على من سواهم" (٢).
Al-Hasan al-Basri said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The blood of the Muslims is equal and alike among them. The lowest of them strives for their covenant, and they are one and united against others."
٢٩٨١٥ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا عبيد اللَّه بن موسى عن علي بن صالح عن سماك عن عكرمة عن ابن عباس قال: (كانت) (١) قريظة والنضير، ⦗٢٩٧⦘ و (كانت) (٢) النضير أشرف من قريظة [(فكان) (٣) إذا قتل رجل من قريظة] (٤) رجلًا من النضير قُتل به، وإن قَتل رجل من النضير رجلًا من قريظة (وداه) (٥) مئة وسق من تمر، فلما بعث النبي ﷺ قتل رجل من النضير (رجلًا) (٦) من قريظة، قال: ادفعوه إلينا نقتله، فقالوا: بيننا وبينكم النبي ﷺ فأتوه فنزلت: ﴿وَإِنْ حَكَمْتَ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْقِسْطِ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٢]، فالقسط: النفس بالنفس، ثم نزلت: ﴿أَفَحُكْمَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يَبْغُونَ﴾ (٧) [المائدة: ٥٠].
Ikrimah said that Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: Qurayzah and Nadir were two tribes, and the tribe of Nadir were more honored than the people of Qurayzah. When a man of the tribe of Qurayzah killed a man of the tribe of Nadir, he was killed in return. And if a man of the tribe of Nadir killed a man of the tribe of Qurayzah, he paid him one hundred wasq of dates as blood money. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was sent, a man of the tribe of Nadir killed a man of Qurayzah. They said: Hand this killer over to us so that we may kill him. Those people replied: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) will judge between us and you. So they all came to him (peace and blessings be upon him). Then this verse was revealed: "And if you judge, then judge between them with justice" [Al-Ma'idah: 42]. Justice here means: a life for a life. Then this verse was revealed: "Do they then seek the judgment of the time of ignorance?" [Al-Ma'idah: 50].
٢٩٨١٦ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا ابن عيينة عن عمرو عن مجاهد عن ابن عباس قال: كان في بني إسرائيل القصاص ولم تكن فيهم الدية، فقال اللَّه لهذه الأمة: ﴿كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَالْأُنْثَى بِالْأُنْثَى فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ﴾ (١)، فالعفو أن (تقبل) (٢) ⦗٢٩٨⦘ الدية في (العبد) (٣) ﴿ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ﴾، قال: فعلى هذا أن يتبع بالمعروف، وعلى (ذاك) (٤) أن يؤدي ﴿إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ﴾ (٥) [البقرة: ١٧٨].
Mujahid said that Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: Retaliation was the rule among the Children of Israel, and blood money was not legislated among them. So Allah, the Lord of Might, said to this Ummah: "Retaliation for the slain has been prescribed for you: a free man is to be killed for a free man, a slave for a slave, and a woman for a woman. But whoever is forgiven anything of the retaliation by his brother, then upon him is to follow what is fair and to pay the heirs of the slain person in an excellent way." Forgiveness in the verse means that blood money is accepted in deliberate killing. The verse: "This is a concession from your Lord and a mercy." He said: So upon this one it is required to follow what is fair, and upon that one it is required to pay the heirs of the slain person in an excellent way. The verse: "Then whoever transgresses after that, for him is a painful punishment" [Al-Baqarah: 178].
٢٩٨١٧ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا محمد بن بكر عن ابن جريج قال: قلت لعطاء: ما قوله: ﴿الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ﴾، قال: العبد يقتل عبدًا مثله فهو به قود، وإن كان القاتل (أفضل) (١) لم يكن إلا قيمة المقتول.
Ibn Jurayj said: I asked Ata: What is the meaning of the saying of Allah, the Lord of Might: "A free man for a free man and a slave for a slave"? He said: If a slave kills a slave like himself, he too will be killed in retaliation for him. And if the killer is better than the slain, the heirs of the slain will receive only the price of the slain.
٢٩٨١٨ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا عباد بن العوام عن سفيان بن حسين عن ابن أشوع عن الشعبي قال: كان بين حيين من العرب قتال، فقتل من هؤلاء و (١) من هؤلاء، فقال: (أحد) (٢) الحيين: لا نرضى حتى يقتل بالمرأة الرجل، وبالرجل الرجلين، قال: فأبى عليهم الآخرون، فارتفعوا إلى النبي ﷺ، قال: فقال النبي ﷺ (٣): "القتل (بواء) (٤) " أي سواء، قال: فاصطلح القوم بينهم على الديات، قال: فحسبوا للرجل دية الرجل، وللمرأة دية المرأة، وللعبد دية العبد فقط (لأحد) (٥) الحيين على الآخرين، قال: فهو قوله: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى الْحُرُّ ⦗٢٩٩⦘ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَالْأُنْثَى بِالْأُنْثَى﴾ (٦) [البقرة: ١٧٨].
Ibn Ashwa' said that al-Sha'bi said: There was fighting between two tribes of the Arabs. Some members of this tribe were killed, and some members of that tribe were also killed. One of these tribes said: We will not be satisfied until we kill a man in return for a woman and two men in return for a man. The other tribe refused this. Then they brought the matter before the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Killing is a matter of equality." So the people reached a settlement among themselves on blood money. They considered sufficient the blood money of a man for a man, the blood money of a woman for a woman, and the blood money of a slave for a slave. And he (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled for one of the two tribes over the other in this way. The narrator said: That ruling is the saying of Allah, the Lord of Might: "O you who believe, retaliation for the slain has been prescribed for you: a free man is to be killed for a free man, a slave for a slave, and a woman for a woman" [Al-Baqarah: 178].
Sufyan bin Husayn said: The verse: "But whoever is forgiven anything of the retaliation by his brother." He said: What is meant is that whoever has granted his brother some favor in it should pay him in a fair manner, and the claimant should follow it up in an excellent way, up to the saying of Allah, the Lord of Might: "a painful punishment."
Sufyan bin Husayn said: The verse: "But whoever is forgiven anything of the retaliation by his brother." He said: What is meant is that whoever has granted his brother some favor in it should pay him in a fair manner, and the claimant should follow it up in an excellent way, up to the saying of Allah, the Lord of Might: "a painful punishment."
٢٩٨١٩ - قال: سفيان: ﴿فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ﴾ قال: فمن فضل له على أخيه شيء فليؤده بالمعروف وليتبعه الطالب ﴿بِإِحْسَانٍ﴾ إلى (قوله) (١): ﴿عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ﴾.
Sufyan said regarding: "But whoever is forgiven anything by his brother": He said: Whoever has a surplus over his brother, let him pay it in a fair manner, and let the claimant follow it up "in an excellent way," up to His saying: "a painful punishment."
