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مصنف ابن ابي شيبه
Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah
كتاب الديات
Book of Blood Money
إن المسلمين تتكافأ دماؤهم
The blood of Muslims is of equal worth
Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah 29816 — The blood of Muslims is of equal
٢٩٨١٦ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا ابن عيينة عن عمرو عن مجاهد عن ابن عباس قال: كان في بني إسرائيل القصاص ولم تكن فيهم الدية، فقال اللَّه لهذه الأمة: ﴿كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَالْأُنْثَى بِالْأُنْثَى فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ﴾ (١)، فالعفو أن (تقبل) (٢) ⦗٢٩٨⦘ الدية في (العبد) (٣) ﴿ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ﴾، قال: فعلى هذا أن يتبع بالمعروف، وعلى (ذاك) (٤) أن يؤدي ﴿إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ﴾ (٥) [البقرة: ١٧٨].
Mujahid said that Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: Retaliation was the rule among the Children of Israel, and blood money was not legislated among them. So Allah, the Lord of Might, said to this Ummah: "Retaliation for the slain has been prescribed for you: a free man is to be killed for a free man, a slave for a slave, and a woman for a woman. But whoever is forgiven anything of the retaliation by his brother, then upon him is to follow what is fair and to pay the heirs of the slain person in an excellent way." Forgiveness in the verse means that blood money is accepted in deliberate killing. The verse: "This is a concession from your Lord and a mercy." He said: So upon this one it is required to follow what is fair, and upon that one it is required to pay the heirs of the slain person in an excellent way. The verse: "Then whoever transgresses after that, for him is a painful punishment" [Al-Baqarah: 178].
