المعجم الكبير للطبراني
Al-Mu'jam al-Kabir (Tabarani)
باب العين
Companions Whose Names Begin with Ayn (ع)
علي بن أبي طلحة، عن ابن عباس
Ali bin Abi Talhah from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him)
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حَدَّثَنَا بَكْرُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، ثنا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْيَتَامَى قُلْ إِصْلَاحٌ لَهُمْ خَيْرٌ} [البقرة: ٢٢٠] وَذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ: {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوَالَ الْيَتَامَى ظُلْمًا إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُونَ فِي بُطُونِهِمْ نَارًا وَسَيَصْلَوْنَ سَعِيرًا} [النساء: ١٠] كَرِهَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مُؤَاكَلَةَ الْيَتَامَى وَتَحَرَّجُوا إِنْ خَالَطُوهُمْ فِي شَيْءٍ، فَسَأَلُوا رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: " {قُلْ إِصْلَاحٌ لَهُمْ خَيْرٌ وَإِنْ تُخَالِطُوهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ الْمُفْسِدَ مِنَ الْمُصْلِحِ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللهُ لَأَعْنَتَكُمْ} [البقرة: ٢٢٠] يَقُولُ: لَضَيَّقَ عَلَيْكُمْ، وَلَكِنَّهُ وَسَّعَ وَيَسَّرَ، فَقَالَ: {مَنْ كَانَ غَنِيًّا فَلْيَسْتَعْفِفْ وَمَنْ كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ} [النساء: ٦] ، يَقُولُ: يَأْكُلُ الْفَقِيرُ إِذَا وَلِيَ مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ بِقَدْرِ قِيَامِهِ عَلَى مَالِهِ وَمَنْفَعَتِهِ مَا لَمْ يُسْرِفْ
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said concerning the saying of Allah Almighty: "They ask you about the orphans. Say: Setting their affairs right is best" [Surah al-Baqarah: 220] - and this was before this verse was revealed: "Indeed, those who consume the wealth of orphans unjustly are only filling their bellies with fire, and they will burn in a blazing Fire" [Surah al-Nisa: 10] - the Muslims disliked eating together with the orphans and felt uneasy about mixing with them in any matter, so they asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Thereupon Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, revealed this verse: "Say: Setting their affairs right is best; and if you mix with them, they are your brothers. Allah knows the one who causes corruption from the one who sets things right, and had Allah willed, He could have put you in hardship" [Surah al-Baqarah: 220] - meaning He would have made things narrow for you, but He granted ease and leniency. Then He said: "Whoever is rich, let him abstain, and whoever is poor, let him eat according to what is reasonable" [Surah al-Nisa: 6] - meaning that a poor man, when he is the guardian of an orphan's wealth, may eat from it in proportion to his looking after it and the benefit he brings to it, as long as he is not extravagant.
حَدَّثَنَا بَكْرُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: {وَإِذَا كُنْتَ فِيهِمْ فَأَقَمْتَ لَهُمُ الصَّلَاةَ فَلْتَقُمْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهُمْ مَعَكَ} [النساء: ١٠٢] فَهَذَا الصَّلَاةُ عِنْدَ الْخَوْفِ يَقُومُ الْإِمَامُ، وَيَقُومُ مَعَهُ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهُمْ، وَطَائِفَةٌ يَأْخُذُونَ أَسْلِحَتَهُمْ، وَيَقِفُونَ بِإِزَاءِ الْعَدُوِّ، فَيُصَلِّي الْإِمَامُ بِمَنْ مَعَهُ رَكْعَةً , ثُمَّ يَجْلِسُ عَلَى هَيْئَتِهِ فَيَقُومُونَ، فَيُصَلُّونَ لِأَنْفُسِهِمُ الرَّكْعَةَ الثَّانِيَةَ وَالْإِمَامُ جَالِسٌ، ثُمَّ يَنْصَرِفُونَ حَتَّى يَأْتُوا أَصْحَابَهُمْ فَيَقِفُونَ مَوْقِفَهُمْ , ثُمَّ يُقْبِلُ الْآخَرُونَ فَيُصَلِّي لَهُمُ الْإِمَامُ الرَّكْعَةَ الثَّانِيَةَ، فَهَكَذَا «صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالنَّاسِ يَوْمَ بَطْنِ نَخْلَةَ»
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said concerning this saying of Allah Almighty: "And when you are among them and lead them in prayer, let a group of them stand with you" [Surah al-Nisa: 102]: This is the prayer in a state of fear. The imam stands, and a group of them stands with him, while the other group holds its weapons and stands facing the enemy. Then the imam leads those with him in one rak'ah, then remains sitting in his position, and they stand up and pray the second rak'ah by themselves while the imam remains sitting. Then they would go back until they came to their companions and stood in their place. Then the other group would come forward and the imam would lead them in the second rak'ah. In this way the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) led the people in prayer on the day of Batn Nakhlah.
حَدَّثَنَا بَكْرُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: {لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا فَضْلًا مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ} [البقرة: ١٩٨] فَهُوَ لَا حَرَجَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الشِّرَاءِ، وَالْبَيْعِ قَبْلَ الْإِحْرَامِ وَبَعْدَهُ فَأَمَّا الْإِحْرَامُ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «نَهَى أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ أَوْ يُزَوِّجَ أَوْ يَنْحَرَ حَتَّى يَفْرُغَ مِنْ إِحْرَامِهِ»
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said concerning this saying of Allah Almighty: "There is no sin upon you in seeking bounty from your Lord" [Surah al-Baqarah: 198]: That is, there is no harm upon you in buying and selling before ihram and after it. As for the state of ihram, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade that a person marry, or give someone in marriage, or slaughter, until he has finished his ihram.
حَدَّثَنَا بَكْرُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فِي قَوْلِهِ: {الَّذِينَ يَجْتَنِبُونَ كَبَائِرَ الْإِثْمِ وَالْفَوَاحِشَ} [النجم: ٣٢] ، قَالَ: أَكْبَرُ الْكَبَائِرِ الْإِشْرَاكُ بِاللهِ، لِأَنَّ اللهَ قَالَ: {مَنْ يُشْرِكْ بِاللهِ فَقَدْ حَرَّمَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ} [المائدة: ٧٢] ، وَالْيَأْسُ مِنْ رَوْحِ اللهِ قَالَ اللهُ: {لَا يَيْأَسُ مِنْ رَوْحِ اللهِ إِلَّا الْقَوْمُ الْكَافِرُونَ} [يوسف: ٨٧] ، وَالْآخِرَةُ مِنْ مَكْرِ اللهِ لِأَنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ: {لَا يَأْمَنُ مَكْرَ اللهِ إِلَّا الْقَوْمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ} ، وَمِنْهَا عُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ لِأَنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، جَعَلَ الْعَاقَّ جَبَّارًا شَقِيًّا، وَقَتْلُ النَّفْسِ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ لِأَنَّ اللهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى يَقُولُ: {فَجَزَاؤُهُ جَهَنَّمُ} [النساء: ٩٣] الْآيَةَ، وَقَذْفُ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ، لِأَنَّ اللهَ جَلَّ ذِكْرُهُ يَقُولُ: {لُعِنُوا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ} [النور: ٢٣] ، وَأَكْلُ مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ، لِأَنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ: {إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُونَ فِي بُطُونِهِمْ نَارًا وَسَيَصْلَوْنَ سَعِيرًا} [النساء: ١٠] وَالْفِرَارُ مِنَ الزَّحْفِ، لِأَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: {وَمَنْ يُوَلِّهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ دُبُرَهُ إِلَّا مُتَحَرِّفًا لِقِتَالٍ أَوْ مُتَحَيِّزًا إِلَى فِئَةٍ فَقَدْ بَاءَ بِغَضَبٍ مِنَ اللهِ وَمَأْوَاهُ جَهَنَّمُ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ} [الأنفال: ١٦] وَأَكْلُ الرِّبَا، لِأَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: {الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونُ الرِّبَا لَا يَقُومُونَ إِلَّا كَمَا يَقُومُ الَّذِي يَتَخَبَّطُهُ} [البقرة: ٢٧٥] الشَّيْطَانُ مِنَ الْمَسِّ وَالسِّحْرُ، لِأَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: {وَلَقَدْ عَلِمُوا لِمَنِ اشْتَرَاهُ مَا لَهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنْ خَلَاقٍ} [البقرة: ١٠٢] وَالزِّنَا لِأَنَّ اللهَ يَقُولُ: {يَلْقَ أَثَامًا} [الفرقان: ٦٩] يُضَاعَفْ لَهُ الْعَذَابُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَيَخْلُدْ فِيهِ مُهَانًا، وَالْيَمِينُ الْغَمُوسُ الْفَاجِرَةُ، لِأَنَّ اللهَ يَقُولُ: {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا} [آل عمران: ٧٧] الْآيَةَ، وَالْغُلُولُ، لِأَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: {وَمَنْ يَغْلُلْ} [آل عمران: ١٦١] يَأْتِ بِمَا غَلَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، وَمَنْعُ الزَّكَاةِ الْمَفْرُوضَةِ، لِأَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى قَالَ: {فَتُكْوَى بِهَا جِبَاهُهُمْ وَجُنُوبُهُمْ وَظُهُورُهُمْ} [التوبة: ٣٥] وَشَهَادَةُ الزُّورِ، لِأَنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ: {وَمَنْ يَكْتُمْهَا فَإِنَّهُ آثِمٌ} [البقرة: ٢٨٣] قَلْبُهُ وَشُرْبُ الْخَمْرِ، لِأَنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَدَلَ بِهَا الْأَوْثَانَ، وَتَرْكُ الصَّلَاةِ مُتَعَمِّدًا أَوْ شَيْئًا مِمَّا فَرَضَ اللهُ، لِأَنَّ الرَّسُولَ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: «مَنْ تَرَكَ الصَّلَاةَ مُتَعَمِّدًا فَقَدْ بَرِئَتْ مِنْهُ ذِمَّةُ اللهِ وَذِمَّةُ رَسُولِهِ» وَنَقْضُ الْعَهْدِ، وَقَطِيعَةُ الرَّحِمِ
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said concerning this saying of Allah Almighty: "Those who avoid the major sins and immoralities" [Surah al-Najm: 32]: The greatest of the major sins is associating partners with Allah, because Allah says: "Whoever associates partners with Allah, Allah has forbidden Paradise for him" [Surah al-Ma'idah: 72]; and despairing of the mercy of Allah, Allah says: "None despairs of the mercy of Allah except the disbelieving people" [Surah Yusuf: 87]; and feeling secure from the plan of Allah, because Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, says: "None feels secure from the plan of Allah except the people who are losers"; and among them is disobedience to parents, because Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, has declared the disobedient one to be tyrannical and wretched; and killing a soul which Allah has made sacred, except by right, because Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, says: "His recompense is Hell" [Surah al-Nisa: 93] (the verse); and slandering chaste women, because Allah, exalted be His mention, says: "They are cursed in this world and the Hereafter, and for them is a great punishment" [Surah al-Nur: 23]; and consuming the wealth of the orphan, because Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, says: "They are only filling their bellies with fire, and they will burn in a blazing Fire" [Surah al-Nisa: 10]; and fleeing from the battlefield, because Allah Almighty says: "And whoever turns his back to them on that day, unless swerving as a strategy of war or withdrawing to join another company, has certainly returned with anger from Allah, and his refuge is Hell, and wretched is the destination" [Surah al-Anfal: 16]; and consuming usury (riba), because Allah Almighty says: "Those who consume usury will not stand except as one stands who has been driven to madness by the touch of Satan" [Surah al-Baqarah: 275]; and sorcery, because Allah Almighty says: "And they certainly knew that whoever purchased it would have no share in the Hereafter" [Surah al-Baqarah: 102]; and adultery, because Allah says: "He will meet a penalty" [Surah al-Furqan: 69], the punishment will be doubled for him on the Day of Resurrection and he will abide therein forever in humiliation; and the false, wicked oath (al-yamin al-ghamus), because Allah says: "Indeed, those who exchange the covenant of Allah and their oaths for a small price" [Surah Al Imran: 77] (the verse); and misappropriating the spoils of war, because Allah Almighty says: "And whoever misappropriates will come with what he misappropriated on the Day of Resurrection" [Surah Al Imran: 161]; and withholding the obligatory zakah, because Allah Almighty said: "Then their foreheads, their sides and their backs will be branded with it" [Surah al-Tawbah: 35]; and false testimony, because Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, says: "And whoever conceals it, his heart is indeed sinful" [Surah al-Baqarah: 283]; and drinking wine, because Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, has placed it on a par with idols; and deliberately abandoning the prayer or any other obligation, because the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) says: "Whoever deliberately abandons the prayer, the protection of Allah and the protection of His Messenger are free of him"; and breaking the covenant, and severing the ties of kinship.
حَدَّثَنَا بَكْرُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «لَقِّنُوا مَوْتَاكُمْ شَهَادَةَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ فَمَنْ قَالَهَا عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ وَجَبَتْ لَهُ الْجَنَّةُ» ، قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَمَنْ قَالَهَا فِي صِحَّةٍ؟ قَالَ: «تِلْكَ أَوْجَبُ، وَأَوْجَبُ» ثُمَّ قَالَ: «وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَوْ جِيءَ بِالسَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرَضِينَ، وَمَنْ فِيهِنَّ وَمَا بَيْنَهُنَّ، وَمَا تَحْتَهُنَّ فَوُضِعَتْ فِي كِفَّةِ الْمِيزَانِ وَوُضِعَتْ شَهَادَةُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ فِي الْكِفَّةِ الْأُخْرَى لَرَجَحَتْ بِهِنَّ»
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Prompt your dying ones with the testimony 'La ilaha illallah' (there is no god but Allah). Whoever says it at the time of his death, Paradise becomes due for him." The people said: O Messenger of Allah, and what of one who says it while in good health? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "That makes it even more due, and even more." Then he said: "By the One in whose hand is my soul, if the heavens and the earths, and whatever is in them, between them and beneath them, were all brought and placed in one pan of the scale, and the testimony 'La ilaha illallah' were placed in the other pan, it would outweigh them all."
حَدَّثَنَا بَكْرٌ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ، ثنا مُعَاوِيَةُ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: {فَمِنْهُمْ شَقِيٌّ، وَسَعِيدٌ} [هود: ١٠٥] ، وَنَحْوُ هَذَا مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ قَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «كَانَ يَحْرِصُ أَنْ يُؤْمِنَ جَمِيعُ النَّاسِ، وَيُتَابِعُوهُ عَلَى الْهُدَى، فَأَخْبَرَهُ اللهُ أَنَّهُ لَا يُؤْمِنُ إِلَّا مَنْ سَبَقَ لَهُ مِنَ السَّعَادَةِ فِي الذِّكْرِ الْأَوَّلِ، وَلَا يَضِلُّ إِلَّا مَنْ سَبَقَ لَهُ مِنَ الشَّقَاءِ فِي الذِّكْرِ الْأَوَّلِ» ، ثُمَّ قَالَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لِنَبِيِّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: {لَعَلَّكَ بَاخِعٌ نَفْسَكَ أَنْ لَا يَكُونُوا مُؤْمِنِينَ} ، يَقُولُ: {إِنْ نَشَأْ نُنَزِّلْ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ آيَةً فَظَلَّتْ أَعْنَاقُهُمْ لَهَا خَاضِعِينَ} [الشعراء: ٤]
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said concerning the saying of Allah Almighty: "And among them will be the wretched and the fortunate" [Surah Hud: 105] and other Qur'anic verses like it: "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was very eager that all people should believe and follow him upon guidance, so Allah informed him (peace and blessings be upon him) that none would believe except the one for whom happiness had been decreed in the first record, and none would go astray except the one for whom wretchedness had been decreed in the first record." Then Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, said to His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "Perhaps you would destroy yourself with grief that they do not become believers" - He says: "If We willed, We could send down upon them from the sky a sign, and their necks would remain humbled before it" [Surah al-Shu'ara: 4].
حَدَّثَنَا بَكْرُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: {قُلْ لَا أَسْأَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْرًا إِلَّا الْمَوَدَّةَ فِي الْقُرْبَى} [الشورى: ٢٣] ، قَالَ: كَانَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَرَابَةٌ فِي جَمِيعِ قُرَيْشٍ، فَلَمَّا كَذَّبُوهُ فَأَبَوْا أَنْ يُتَابِعُوهُ قَالَ: «يَا قَوْمِ , أَرَأَيْتُمْ إِذَا أَبَيْتُمْ أَنْ تُتَابِعُونِي فَاحْفَظُوا قَرَابَتِي فِيكُمْ، وَلَا يَكُونُ غَيْرُكُمْ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ أَوْلَى بِحِفْظِي وَنُصْرَتِي عَنْكُمْ»
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said concerning this saying of Allah Almighty: "Say: I do not ask you for any reward for it except love for kinship" [Surah al-Shura: 23]: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had kinship ties with all the clans of Quraysh. So when they denied him and refused to follow him, he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O my people, what do you think: if you refuse to follow me, then at least preserve my kinship with you, and let it not be that others of the Arabs are more deserving than you of protecting me and supporting me."
حَدَّثَنَا بَكْرٌ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فِي قَوْلِهِ: {الَّذِينَ إِذَا أَصَابَتْهُمْ مُصِيبَةٌ قَالُوا إِنَّا لِلَّهِ، وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ أُولَئِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ صَلَوَاتٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُهْتَدُونَ} [البقرة: ١٥٧] ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: أَنَّ الْمُؤْمِنَ إِذَا سَلَّمَ لِأَمْرِ اللهِ وَرَجَعَ , فَاسْتَرْجَعَ عِنْدَ الْمُصِيبَةِ كَتَبَ ثَلَاثَ خِصَالٍ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ: الصَّلَاةُ، وَالرَّحْمَةُ وَتَحْقِيقُ سَبِيلِ الْهُدَى، وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «مَنِ اسْتَرْجَعَ عِنْدَ الْمُصِيبَةِ جَبَرَ اللهُ مُصِيبَتَهُ، وَأَحْسَنَ عُقْبَاهُ، وَجَعَلَ لَهُ خَلَفًا صَالِحًا يَرْضَاهُ»
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said concerning this saying of Allah Almighty: "Those who, when a calamity strikes them, say: Indeed we belong to Allah, and indeed to Him we will return. It is they upon whom are blessings from their Lord and mercy, and it is they who are the rightly guided" [Surah al-Baqarah: 157]: Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, has informed us that when the believer submits to the command of Allah and turns back to Him by saying "Inna lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji'un (We belong to Allah and to Him we return)" at the time of a calamity, three good things are written for him: blessing (salah), mercy, and success on the path of guidance. And the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever says the istirja' at the time of a calamity (that is, says Inna lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji'un), Allah will compensate him for his calamity, make his outcome better, and grant him a good replacement with which he will be pleased."
حَدَّثَنَا بَكْرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فِي قَوْلِهِ: {لِيَزْدَادُوا إِيمَانًا مَعَ إِيمَانِهِمْ} [الفتح: ٤] ، قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ بَعَثَ نَبِيَّهُ بِشَهَادَةِ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، فَلَمَّا صَدَّقُوا زَادَهُمُ الْحَجَّ، فَلَمَّا صَدَّقُوا بِهِ زَادَهُمُ الْجِهَادَ، ثُمَّ أَكْمَلَ لَهُمْ دِينَهُمْ» ، فَقَالَ: {الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي} [المائدة: ٣] قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: «فَأَوْثَقُ إِيمَانِ أَهْلِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَأَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ وَأَصْدَقُهُ وَأَكْمَلُهُ شَهَادَةُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ»
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said concerning the saying of Allah Almighty: "That they may increase in faith along with their faith" [Surah al-Fath: 4]: "Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, sent His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) with the testimony 'La ilaha illallah' (there is no god but Allah). When they affirmed it, He added Hajj for them; then when they affirmed that as well, He added jihad for them; then He perfected their religion for them," and so He said: "This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favour upon you" [Surah al-Ma'idah: 3]. Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: "So the firmest, truest and most complete faith of the people of the heavens and the people of the earth is the testimony 'La ilaha illallah'."
حَدَّثَنَا بَكْرٌ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فِي قَوْلِهِ: {وَلَا تَجْهَرْ بِصَلَاتِكِ وَلَا تُخَافِتْ بِهَا} [الإسراء: ١١٠] يَقُولُ: «لَا يُصَلِّي مُرَابِيًا لِلنَّاسِ، وَلَا يَدَعُهَا مَخَافَةَ النَّاسِ»
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said concerning the saying of Allah Almighty: "And do not be loud in your prayer, nor make it too quiet" [Surah al-Isra: 110]: "That is, one should not pray to show off to people, nor abandon it out of fear of people."
حَدَّثَنَا بَكْرٌ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فِي قَوْلِهِ: {وَإِنَّهُ لَذِكْرٌ لَكَ وَلِقَوْمِكِ} [الزخرف: ٤٤] قَالَ: «شَرَفٌ لَكَ، وَلِقَوْمِكَ»
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said concerning the saying of Allah Almighty: "And indeed it is a remembrance for you and for your people" [Surah al-Zukhruf: 44]: "That is, an honour and distinction for you and for your people."
حَدَّثَنَا بَكْرُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فِي قَوْلِهِ: {وَاذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَمِيثَاقَهُ الَّذِي وَاثَقَكُمْ بِهِ إِذْ قُلْتُمْ سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا وَاتَّقُوا اللهَ إِنَّ اللهَ عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُورِ} [المائدة: ٧] " يَعْنِي حَيْثُ بَعَثَ اللهُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَأَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ الْكِتَابَ، قَالُوا: آمَنَّا بِالنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَبِالْكِتَابِ، وَأَقْرَرْنَا بِمَا فِي التَّوْرَاةِ، فَذَكَّرَهُمُ اللهُ مِيثَاقَهُ الَّذِي أَقَرُّوا بِهِ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَأَمَرَهُمْ بِالْوَفَاءِ بِهِ "
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said concerning the saying of Allah Almighty: "And remember the favour of Allah upon you and His covenant which He made with you when you said: We hear and we obey; and fear Allah. Indeed, Allah knows well what is within the breasts" [Surah al-Ma'idah: 7]: "That is, when Allah sent the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and revealed the Book to him, they said: We believe in the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and in the Book, and we affirm what is in the Torah. So Allah reminded them of His covenant which they had affirmed upon themselves, and commanded them to fulfil it."
حَدَّثَنَا بَكْرٌ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فِي قَوْلِهِ: {إِنَّمَا جَزَاءُ الَّذِينَ يُحَارِبُونَ اللهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَيَسْعَوْنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَسَادًا} [المائدة: ٣٣] قَالَ: «قَوْمٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَهْدٌ وَمِيثَاقٌ فَنَقَضُوا الْعَهْدَ، وَأَفْسَدُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَخَيَّرَ اللهُ نَبِيَّهُ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، إِنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ صَلَبَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَقْطَعَ أَيْدِيَهُمْ وَأَرْجُلَهُمْ مِنْ خِلَافٍ، وَأَمَّا النَّفْيُ فَهُوُ الْهَرَبُ فِي الْأَرْضِ، فَإِنْ جَاءَ تَائِبًا فَدَخَلَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ قُبِلَ مِنْهُ وَلَمْ يُؤْخَذْ بِمَا سَلَفَ مِنْهُ»
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said concerning the saying of Allah Almighty: "Indeed, the recompense of those who wage war against Allah and His Messenger and strive to spread corruption in the land" [Surah al-Ma'idah: 33]: "These were a people from the People of the Book between whom and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) there was a covenant and pledge. Then they broke the covenant and spread corruption in the land, so Allah gave His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) the choice: if he wished, he could kill them; if he wished, he could crucify them; and if he wished, he could cut off their hands and feet from opposite sides. As for exile, it is fleeing about in the land. And if he comes repentant and enters Islam, it will be accepted from him and he will not be held to account for what he did before."
حَدَّثَنَا بَكْرُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فِي قَوْلِهِ: {إِنْ أُوتِيتُمْ هَذَا فَخُذُوهُ وَإِنْ لَمْ تُؤْتَوْهُ فَاحْذَرُوا} [المائدة: ٤١] ، هُمُ الْيَهُودُ زَنَتْ مِنْهُمُ امْرَأَةٌ وَقَدْ كَانَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ حَكَمَ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ: فِي الزِّنَا الرَّجْمُ فَنَفَسُوا أَنْ يَرْجُمُوهُمَا، وَقَالُوا: انْطَلِقُوا إِلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَعَسَى أَنْ يَكُونَ عِنْدَهُ رُخْصَةٌ فَاقْبَلُوهَا فَأَتَوْهُ , فَقَالُوا: يَا أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ إِنَّ امْرَأَةً مِنَّا زَنَتْ فَمَا تَقُولُ فِيهَا؟، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «كَيْفَ حَكَمَ اللهُ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ فِي الزِّنَا؟» فَقَالُوا: دَعْنَا مِنَ التَّوْرَاةِ فَمَا عِنْدَكَ فِي ذَلِكَ؟ فَقَالَ: «ائْتُونِي بِأَعْلَمِكُمْ بِالتَّوْرَاةُ الَّتِي أُنْزِلَتُ عَلَى مُوسَى صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ بِالَّذِي نَجَّاكُمْ مِنْ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ وَبِالَّذِي فَلَقَ الْبَحْرَ فَأَنْجَاكُمْ، وَأَغْرَقَ آلَ فِرْعَوْنَ ألَّا أَخْبَرْتُمُونِي مَا حَكَمَ اللهُ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ فِي الزِّنَا» ، فَقَالُوا: حَكَمَ بِالرَّجْمِ
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said concerning this saying of Allah Almighty: "If you are given this, take it; but if you are not given it, then beware" [Surah al-Ma'idah: 41]: This refers to the Jews. A woman among them had committed adultery, and Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, had laid down stoning as the punishment for adultery in the Torah, but they found it burdensome to stone the two of them. They said: Go to Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him); perhaps he has some concession, and we will accept it. So they came to him (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: O Abu al-Qasim, a woman from among us has committed adultery; what do you say about her? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "What ruling did Allah give in the Torah concerning adultery?" They said: Leave aside the Torah; what do you say about it? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Bring me the most learned of you in the Torah that was revealed to Musa (peace be upon him)." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said to them: "I adjure you by the One who saved you from the people of Pharaoh, and who split the sea and rescued you and drowned the people of Pharaoh: will you not tell me what ruling Allah gave in the Torah concerning adultery?" They said: Allah ruled that it be stoning.
