Vessels

It is narrated from a Companion of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) from the tribe of Ghifar (may Allah be pleased with him) that "The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade preparing drinks in the naqir (a vessel made by hollowing out palm wood) and the muqayyar (a vessel coated with pitch or resin), one of them or both, and likewise in the dubba' (dried gourd shells) and the hantam (green earthenware jars)."
Imam Abu Ya'la also narrated this same report through his chain from Mujahid bin Musa, from al-Ansari Muhammad bin Abdullah bin al-Muthanna, from Sulayman al-Taymi, with the same text mentioned above.

It is narrated from Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to forbid the use of the "hantamah". I asked, "What is the hantamah?" He replied, "A green earthenware jar." And he (peace and blessings be upon him) also forbade the use of the hollow gourd vessel (dubba'), the pitch-coated jar (muqayyar) and the tar-smeared vessel (muzaffat). I said, "We make jars of lead in which we steep (dates and the like) in the evening to prepare nabidh, and we drink it in the morning." He said, "By Allah, that is (in effect) wine!" I asked, "Then what (should we use)?" He said, "A leather waterskin (siqa') in which we steep it in the morning and drink it in the evening."
According to the scholars of hadith, drinks in these particular vessels would very quickly ferment and become intoxicating; that is why they were forbidden at the beginning of Islam, so that the Muslims would stay away from every form of wine. Later, however, the restriction on vessels was lifted and only the prohibition of intoxicating drinks remained.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: I was waiting for the time of the Messenger of Allah's (peace and blessings be upon him) breaking of the fast, so I came to him (peace and blessings be upon him) with nabidh (a drink of dates steeped in water) prepared in an earthenware jar. But when he (peace and blessings be upon him) brought it close to his blessed mouth to drink it, it was fermenting (seething) and giving off bubbles with a hissing sound. Seeing this, he (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "Strike it against this wall, for this is the drink of one who does not believe in Allah Almighty and the Last Day."
This narration of Imam Abu Ya'la (may Allah have mercy on him) makes clear that when excessive fermentation and intoxication develop in nabidh it becomes unlawful; that is why he (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered it to be discarded instead of drinking it.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that he came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) with nabidh prepared in an earthenware jar, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said the same thing to him as well, that is, "He (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him the same (instruction) too (as has already passed regarding the particular earthenware vessels)."

Al-Ash'ath bin Umayr al-Abdi narrates from his father, Sayyiduna Umayr (may Allah be pleased with him), that the delegation of the tribe of Abd al-Qays came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). When they intended to return, they said (among themselves), "You have memorised everything you heard from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him); now ask him about nabidh (a date drink) as well." So they came to him and said, "O Messenger of Allah! We live in a land whose climate does not suit us, and nothing keeps us well there except this drink." He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked, "What is your drink?" They said, "Nabidh." He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked, "In what vessel do you drink it?" They said, "In the naqir (a vessel made by hollowing out wood)." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "Do not drink from the naqir."
They went out from there and said (in distress), "By Allah, our people will not agree with us on this restriction." So they returned and asked him (peace and blessings be upon him) the same question, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave the same answer again. They came back once more, and he said, "Do not drink from the naqir, (for intoxication develops quickly in it, which leads to fighting among you, and) one of you strikes his cousin such a blow that he is left lame until the Day of Resurrection."
The narrator said: Hearing this, the members of the delegation laughed. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked, "What are you laughing at?" They said, "O Messenger of Allah! By the One who sent you with the truth, we once drank from this very naqir of ours, and one of us attacked another, and this (companion) was struck such a blow that he truly became lame until the Day of Resurrection (meaning: the outcome you warned of has already befallen us)."
Imam Abu Ya'la also recorded this narration from Abu Bakr bin Abi Shaybah with the same wording.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna al-Ashajj al-Asari (may Allah be pleased with him) that he came with a delegation of the tribe of Abd al-Qays to visit the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). When they arrived, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came into view before them. All the people got down from their mounts and hurried towards the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), wearing the same dusty travelling clothes. But Sayyiduna al-Ashajj al-Asari (may Allah be pleased with him) stayed behind and first tied up and secured his companions' mounts and his own camel, then took clean clothes out of his baggage and put them on; all of this was happening before the eyes of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). After that he came to him (peace and blessings be upon him) and greeted him with salam. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked, "O people of Abd al-Qays! Why is it that I see your faces changed (withered)?" They said, "O Prophet of Allah! We live in a land whose climate is unhealthy. For digestion we relied on these particular drinks (nabidh), which would break down the meat in our stomachs; but since you (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade us the use of the (intoxication-producing) vessels, we have given them up, and this colour of our faces is because of that." At this the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "Indeed, vessels in themselves do not make anything lawful or unlawful; rather, every intoxicant is unlawful. And it is by no means right that you sit drinking until, when your veins are filled (with intoxication), you start boasting against one another, and then matters reach the point that a man leaps upon his own cousin and strikes him with a sword and leaves him lame." The narrator said: The lame man who had received that wound in a state of intoxication was present in the delegation that day.
Imam Ibn Hibban (may Allah have mercy on him) declared this hadith sahih (authentic).

Imam al-Tayalisi narrates that Shu'bah informed us through Qatadah, who said: I asked Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) about nabidh (a date or grape drink) prepared in green earthenware jars, and he said, "I did not hear anything from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) about it." However, Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) himself used to dislike it.
Imam Abu Ya'la narrated this hadith through Ahmad al-Dawraqi by the same earlier chain of Imam al-Tayalisi, while in another route Ubaydullah narrated this same report in abridged form from Harami, from Shu'bah.

Asim bin Umar narrates that I, along with some other people, asked Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) whether the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had declared nabidh prepared in green earthenware jars (jarr) unlawful. He replied, "How could he (peace and blessings be upon him) possibly have declared it unlawful? By Allah, he (peace and blessings be upon him) never even saw it!"

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Suhar al-Abdi (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said, "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! I am a man who is often ill, so grant me permission to prepare nabidh in a jar (a green earthenware jar)." So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) granted me permission for it.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mughaffal (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: I heard the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) "forbidding the drinking of nabidh prepared in green earthenware jars (jarr)", and then I also heard him (peace and blessings be upon him) at the time "when he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave permission (the command) to drink the nabidh of these earthenware jars".
According to the imams and commentators of hadith, this narration points to a change in the ruling, that is, abrogation. In the early period of Islam these particular earthenware vessels were forbidden because drinks in them would very quickly become intoxicating; but later, when the rulings on the prohibition of wine had become firmly rooted in people's hearts, the restriction to particular vessels was removed and the actual prohibition was made conditional on intoxication alone.