المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية
Al-Matalib al-'Aliyah
كتاب الوليمة
Book of the Wedding Feast
بَابُ الوصية بالنساء
Enjoining good treatment of women
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( 73 ) تَقَدَّمَ فِي الْحَجِّ حَدِيثٌ .
قَالَ عَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ : حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ، ثَنَا زَيْدُ بْنُ حُبَابٍ الْعُكْلِيُّ ، ثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ عُبَيْدَةَ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنِي صَدَقَةُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا فَذَكَرَ خُطْبَةً طَوِيلَةً ، وَفِيهَا : أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ ، إِنَّ النِّسَاءَ عِنْدَكُمْ عَوَانٍ ، أَخَذْتُمُوهُنَّ بِأَمَانَةِ اللهِ ، وَاسْتَحْلَلْتُمْ فُرُوجَهُنَّ بِكَلِمَةِ اللهِ ، وَلَكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ حَقٌّ ، وَلَهُنَّ عَلَيْكُمْ حَقٌّ .
وَمِنْ حَقِّكُمْ أَنْ لَا يُوطِئْنَ فُرُشَكُمْ ، وَلَا يَعْصِينَكُمْ فِي مَعْرُوفٍ ، فَإِذَا فَعَلْنَ ذَلِكَ فَلَهُنَّ رِزْقُهُنَّ وَكِسْوَتُهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ، فَإِذَا ضَرَبْتُمْ فَاضْرِبُوا ضَرْبًا غَيْرَ مُبَرِّحٍ ... الْحَدِيثَ .
1674 \ 2 - وَقَالَ إِسْحَاقُ : أَخْبَرَنَا جَرِيرٌ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ نَافِعٍ ، عَنْ أُمِّ كُلْثُومٍ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَتْ : نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ ضَرْبِ النِّسَاءِ ، فَشَكَيْنَ . فَأَذِنَ لَهُمْ فِي ضَرْبِهِنَّ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : لَقَدْ أَطَافَ بِآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ اللَّيْلَةَ سَبْعُونَ امْرَأَةً ، كُلُّهُنَّ قَدْ ضُرِبَتْ . وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : مَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَرَى الرَّجُلَ ثَائِرًا عَصَبَةً ، فَرِيصُ رَقَبَتِهِ عَلَى مُرَيْئَتِهِ يَقْتُلُهَا .
قُلْتُ : هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ ، وُلِدَتْ أُمُّ كُلْثُومٍ بَعْدَ مَوْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ .
قَالَ عَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ : حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ، ثَنَا زَيْدُ بْنُ حُبَابٍ الْعُكْلِيُّ ، ثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ عُبَيْدَةَ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنِي صَدَقَةُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا فَذَكَرَ خُطْبَةً طَوِيلَةً ، وَفِيهَا : أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ ، إِنَّ النِّسَاءَ عِنْدَكُمْ عَوَانٍ ، أَخَذْتُمُوهُنَّ بِأَمَانَةِ اللهِ ، وَاسْتَحْلَلْتُمْ فُرُوجَهُنَّ بِكَلِمَةِ اللهِ ، وَلَكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ حَقٌّ ، وَلَهُنَّ عَلَيْكُمْ حَقٌّ .
وَمِنْ حَقِّكُمْ أَنْ لَا يُوطِئْنَ فُرُشَكُمْ ، وَلَا يَعْصِينَكُمْ فِي مَعْرُوفٍ ، فَإِذَا فَعَلْنَ ذَلِكَ فَلَهُنَّ رِزْقُهُنَّ وَكِسْوَتُهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ، فَإِذَا ضَرَبْتُمْ فَاضْرِبُوا ضَرْبًا غَيْرَ مُبَرِّحٍ ... الْحَدِيثَ .
1674 \ 2 - وَقَالَ إِسْحَاقُ : أَخْبَرَنَا جَرِيرٌ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ نَافِعٍ ، عَنْ أُمِّ كُلْثُومٍ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَتْ : نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ ضَرْبِ النِّسَاءِ ، فَشَكَيْنَ . فَأَذِنَ لَهُمْ فِي ضَرْبِهِنَّ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : لَقَدْ أَطَافَ بِآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ اللَّيْلَةَ سَبْعُونَ امْرَأَةً ، كُلُّهُنَّ قَدْ ضُرِبَتْ . وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : مَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَرَى الرَّجُلَ ثَائِرًا عَصَبَةً ، فَرِيصُ رَقَبَتِهِ عَلَى مُرَيْئَتِهِ يَقْتُلُهَا .
قُلْتُ : هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ ، وُلِدَتْ أُمُّ كُلْثُومٍ بَعْدَ مَوْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), in the course of a long sermon, said: "O people, your women are with you like captives and dependents; you have taken them in marriage with the trust of Allah and made them lawful for yourselves by the word of Allah. You have a right over them and they have a right over you. Your right is that they do not let any stranger onto your beds and that they do not disobey you in what is right (ma'ruf). So when they fulfil these rights, providing them with their provision and clothing according to what is right is obligatory upon you. And if you strike them (by way of discipline), strike them in a way that is not painful and leaves no mark." Furthermore, Umm Kulthum bint Abi Bakr (may Allah have mercy on her) relates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) at first forbade striking women; then, when the Companions complained (of their disobedience), he (peace and blessings be upon him) granted them permission to strike them (lightly). Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Tonight seventy women have gone around the houses of the family of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), every one of whom had been beaten." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) also said: "I do not at all like to see a man so enraged against his wife that the muscles of his neck are taut and he is set on killing her."
I (Ibn Hajar) say: This report is mursal, because Umm Kulthum was born after the death of Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him).
I (Ibn Hajar) say: This report is mursal, because Umm Kulthum was born after the death of Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him).
وَقَالَ الْحَارِثُ : حَدَّثَنَا دَاوُدُ بْنُ رُشَيْدٍ ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ جَابِرٍ ، عَنِ الْمِقْدَامِ بْنِ مَعْدِي كَرِبَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ : إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَامَ فِي النَّاسِ ، فَحَمِدَ اللهَ تَعَالَى ، وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : " إِنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى يُوصِيكُمْ بِالنِّسَاءِ خَيْرًا ! إِنَّ اللهَ يُوصِيكُمْ بِالنِّسَاءِ خَيْرًا ! إِنَّ اللهَ يُوصِيكُمْ بِالنِّسَاءِ خَيْرًا ! إِنَّ اللهَ يُوصِيكُمْ بِأُمَّهَاتِكُمْ ، وَبِآبَائِكُمْ ، وَإِخْوَانِكُمْ ، وَعَمَّاتِكُمْ ، وَخَالَاتِكُمْ .
إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابَيْنِ يَتَزَوَّجُ الْمَرْأَةَ وَمَا يَعْلَمُ مَا لَهُ بِهَا مِنَ الْخَيْرِ ، فَمَا يَرْغَبُ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمَا عَنْ صَاحِبِهِ حَتَّى يَمُوتَا هَرَمًا " .
قَالَ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ : فَحَدَّثْتُ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ الْعَلَاءَ بْنَ سُفْيَانَ الْغَسَّانِيَّ ، فَقَالَ : بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ الْفَوَاحِشَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللهُ تَعَالَى فِيمَا بَطَنَ مِمَّا لَمْ يَتَبَيَّنْ ذِكْرُهَا فِي الْقُرْآنِ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ الرَّجُلُ الْمَرْأَةَ ، فَإِذَا قَدُمَتْ صُحْبَتُهَا ، وَطَالَ عَهْدُهَا ، وَنَفَضَتْ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا - طَلَّقَهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ رِيبَةٍ .
رَوَى ابْنُ مَاجَهْ مِنْهُ : " إِنَّ اللهَ يُوصِيكُمْ بِأُمَّهَاتِكُمْ " مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ الْمِقْدَامِ .
إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابَيْنِ يَتَزَوَّجُ الْمَرْأَةَ وَمَا يَعْلَمُ مَا لَهُ بِهَا مِنَ الْخَيْرِ ، فَمَا يَرْغَبُ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمَا عَنْ صَاحِبِهِ حَتَّى يَمُوتَا هَرَمًا " .
قَالَ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ : فَحَدَّثْتُ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ الْعَلَاءَ بْنَ سُفْيَانَ الْغَسَّانِيَّ ، فَقَالَ : بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ الْفَوَاحِشَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللهُ تَعَالَى فِيمَا بَطَنَ مِمَّا لَمْ يَتَبَيَّنْ ذِكْرُهَا فِي الْقُرْآنِ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ الرَّجُلُ الْمَرْأَةَ ، فَإِذَا قَدُمَتْ صُحْبَتُهَا ، وَطَالَ عَهْدُهَا ، وَنَفَضَتْ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا - طَلَّقَهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ رِيبَةٍ .
رَوَى ابْنُ مَاجَهْ مِنْهُ : " إِنَّ اللهَ يُوصِيكُمْ بِأُمَّهَاتِكُمْ " مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ الْمِقْدَامِ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna al-Miqdam bin Ma'dikarib (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) stood up among the people (to address them), praised and glorified Allah Almighty, and then said: "Indeed Allah Almighty enjoins you to treat women well! Allah enjoins you to do good to women! Allah enjoins you to be well-wishers of women! Allah enjoins you to maintain ties with your mothers, your fathers, your brothers, your paternal aunts and your maternal aunts."
(It was then further mentioned that) a man of the People of the Book marries a woman, and he does not (fully) know the good that will come to him through her; yet neither of them shows aversion to the other until both of them die in old age.
Abu Salamah said: When I narrated this hadith to al-Ala' bin Sufyan al-Ghassani, he said: It has reached me that among the hidden indecencies which Allah Almighty has forbidden by saying "and what is concealed" [Al-An'am: 151], and which are not explicitly detailed in the Qur'an, is that a man marries a woman, and then, when her companionship has grown old, the relationship has become long, and she has (by bearing children) been relieved of the trust of her womb, he divorces her without any legal fault or doubt, merely out of aversion.
Imam Ibn Majah narrated this part of the hadith, "Indeed Allah enjoins you concerning your mothers", through another chain from Sayyiduna al-Miqdam (may Allah be pleased with him).
(It was then further mentioned that) a man of the People of the Book marries a woman, and he does not (fully) know the good that will come to him through her; yet neither of them shows aversion to the other until both of them die in old age.
Abu Salamah said: When I narrated this hadith to al-Ala' bin Sufyan al-Ghassani, he said: It has reached me that among the hidden indecencies which Allah Almighty has forbidden by saying "and what is concealed" [Al-An'am: 151], and which are not explicitly detailed in the Qur'an, is that a man marries a woman, and then, when her companionship has grown old, the relationship has become long, and she has (by bearing children) been relieved of the trust of her womb, he divorces her without any legal fault or doubt, merely out of aversion.
Imam Ibn Majah narrated this part of the hadith, "Indeed Allah enjoins you concerning your mothers", through another chain from Sayyiduna al-Miqdam (may Allah be pleased with him).
وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنِيعٍ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّادُ بْنُ عَبَّادٍ ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ هِلَالٍ ، بَنَا صَاحِبٌ لَنَا ثِقَةٌ ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : مَا زَالَ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ يُوصِينِي بِالنِّسَاءِ ، حَتَّى ظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ سَيُحَرِّمُ طَلَاقَهُنَّ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Jibril (peace be upon him) kept advising and urging me so continually about women (their rights and treating them well) that I began to think he would soon declare divorcing them unlawful."
