المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية
Al-Matalib al-'Aliyah
كتاب البيوع
Book of Sales
بَابُ آدَابِ البيع
The etiquette of selling
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إِسْحَاقُ ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ ، ثَنَا الْمُخْتَارُ - هُوَ ابْنُ قَانِعٍ التَّمَّارُ - عَنْ أَبِي مَطَرٍ ، قَالَ : خَرَجْتُ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ ، فَإِذَا رَجُلٌ يُنَادِي خَلْفِي : ارْفَعْ إِزَارَكَ ... فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ : فَإِذَا هُوَ عَلِيٌّ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - قَالَ : فَانْتَهَى إِلَى سُوقِ الْإِبِلِ ، فَقَالَ : بِيعُوا وَلَا تَحْلِفُوا ، فَإِنَّ الْيَمِينَ تُنْفِقُ السِّلْعَةَ وَتَمْحَقُ الْبَرَكَةَ . ثُمَّ أَتَى صَاحِبَ التَّمْرِ فَإِذَا خَادِمٌ تَبْكِي . قَالَ : مَا شَأْنُكِ ؟ قَالَتْ : بَاعَنِي هَذَا تَمْرًا بِدِرْهَمٍ ، فَأَبَى مَوْلَايَ أَنْ يَقْبَلَهُ ، فَقَالَ : خُذْهُ وَأَعْطِهَا دِرْهَمَهَا ، فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَهَا أَمْرٌ . فَكَأَنَّهُ أَبَى ، فَقُلْتُ : أَلَا تَدْرِي مَنْ هَذَا ؟ قَالَ : لَا . قُلْتُ : هَذَا عَلِيٌّ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ! فَصَبَّتْ تَمْرَهُ ، وَأَعْطَاهَا دِرْهَمَهَا . ثُمَّ مَرَّ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - مُجْتَازًا بِأَصْحَابِ التَّمْرِ ، فَقَالَ : أَطْعِمُوا الْمِسْكِينَ يَرْبُ كَسْبُكُمْ .
The narrator said: Muhammad bin Ubayd informed us; al-Mukhtar (who is Ibn Qani' al-Tammar) narrated to us from Abu Matar, who said: I came out of the mosque and suddenly found a man calling out behind me: "Raise your lower garment." Then the narrator mentioned the rest of the hadith: it was Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) (who was calling). The narrator said: Then he reached the camel market and said: "Trade, but do not swear oaths, for an oath sells the goods but wipes out the blessing." Then he came to a date seller and saw a maidservant there weeping. He asked: "What is the matter with you?" She said: "This man sold me dates for a dirham, but my master has refused to accept them." He said: "Take these back and give her her dirham, for she has no authority of her own (that is, she is not independent)." The shopkeeper seemed to want to refuse, so I said to him: "Do you know who this is?" He said: "No." I said: "This is Ali, the Commander of the Believers!" So he immediately took back his dates and gave her her dirham. Then he (may Allah be pleased with him) passed by the date sellers and said: "Feed the poor, and your earnings will increase and grow."
وَقَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى ، حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرٌ ، ثَنَا مَرْوَانُ الْفَزَارِيُّ ، ثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْفَضْلُ بْنُ مُبَشِّرٍ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللهِ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا - يَقُولُ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : إِنَّ اللهَ لَا يُحِبُّ الْفَاحِشَ الْمُتَفَحِّشَ ، وَلَا الصَّيَّاحَ فِي الْأَسْوَاقِ ! .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Indeed, Allah Almighty does not love the one who speaks obscenely and makes foul language his habit, nor does He love the one who shouts and clamours in the markets!"
وَقَالَ مُسَدَّدٌ : حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ الْيَشْكُرِيِّ ، ثَنَا أَبُو حَازِمٍ ، قَالَ : إِنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا - مَرَّ عَلَى رَجُلٍ يَبِيعُ غُنَيْمَاتٍ لَهُ ، فَقَالَ : بِكَمْ تَبِيعُ غَنَمَكَ هَذِهِ ؟ قَالَ : بِكَذَا وَكَذَا ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا - : أَخَذْتُهَا بِكَذَا وَكَذَا ، فَحَلَفَ أَنْ لَا يَبِيعَهَا ، فَانْطَلَقَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا - يَقْضِي حَاجَتَهُ ، ثُمَّ مَرَّ عَلَيْهِ ، فَقَالَ : يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، خُذْهَا بِالَّذِي أَعْطَيْتَنِي ، فَقَالَ : حَلَفْتَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ ، فَلَمْ أَكُنْ لِأُعِينَ الشَّيْطَانَ عَلَيْكَ أَنْ أُجِيبَكَ . صَحِيحٌ مَوْقُوفٌ .
It is narrated from Abu Hazim that Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) passed by a man who was selling a few sheep of his and asked: "For how much are you selling these sheep of yours?" He said: "For such and such." Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: "I have taken them for such and such." Then the man swore that he would never sell them. So Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) went off for some need of his; then, when he passed by him again, the man said: "O Abu Abd al-Rahman, take them for the price you offered me." He said: "You swore an oath about the matter, and I am not one to help Satan against you by agreeing to your request (so that you break your oath)." This report is sahih (authentic) and mawquf (stopping at the Companion).
وَقَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى : حَدَّثَنَا الْأَزْرَقُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ ، ثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي بُكَيْرٍ ، ثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ، عَنِ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : لَا يَبْتَاعَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ عَلَى بَيْعِ أَخِيهِ ، وَلَا يَخْطُبْ عَلَى خِطْبَةِ أَخِيهِ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "None of you should ever make a deal over his brother's deal, nor should anyone send a proposal of marriage over his brother's proposal of marriage."
وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ : حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ - هُوَ ابْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ - عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَاهُ ، يَقُولُ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ : يَا مَعْشَرَ التُّجَّارِ ، إِنِّي رَامٍ بَيْنَ أَكْتَافِكُمْ : لَا تَلَقَّوُا الرُّكْبَانَ ، وَلَا يَبِعْ حَاضِرٌ لِبَادٍ .
It is narrated from Ibn Jurayj that he said: Muhammad bin Mihran informed me that he heard his father say that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said during the Farewell Hajj: "O traders! I am placing (an important responsibility) between your shoulders: do not go out to meet the (trading) caravans (on the way) before they arrive, and let no town-dweller sell the goods of a desert-dweller (acting as his broker)."
وَقَالَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَصْرَةِ يُكَنِّيهِ أَهْلُ الْبَصْرَةِ أَبَا الْمُوَرِّعِ ، وَيُكَنِّيهِ أَهْلُ الْكُوفَةِ أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ - وَكَانَ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ - عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - قَالَ : كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فِي جِنَازَةٍ ، فَقَالَ : أَيُّكُمْ يَأْتِي الْمَدِينَةَ فَلَا يَدَعُ بِهَا وَثَنًا إِلَّا كَسَرَهُ ، وَلَا صُورَةً إِلَّا لَطَّخَهَا ، وَلَا قَبْرًا إِلَّا سَوَّاهُ ؟ فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ فَقَالَ : أَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ، فَانْطَلَقَ الرَّجُلُ ، فَكَأَنَّهُ هَابَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَرَجَعَ ، فَانْطَلَقَ عَلِيٌّ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - ثُمَّ رَجَعَ ، فَقَالَ : مَا أَتَيْتُكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ حَتَّى لَمْ أَدَعْ فِيهَا وَثَنًا إِلَّا كَسَرْتُهُ ، وَلَا قَبْرًا إِلَّا سَوَّيْتُهُ ، وَلَا صُورَةً إِلَّا لَطَّخْتُهَا . فَقَالَ : مَنْ عَادَ لِصَنْعَةِ شَيْءٍ مِنْهَا ... فَقَالَ فِيهِ قَوْلًا شَدِيدًا ، وَقَالَ لِعَلِيٍّ : يَا عَلِيُّ ، لَا تَكُنْ فَتَّانًا ، وَلَا مُخْتَالًا ، وَلَا تَاجِرًا ، إِلَّا تَاجِرَ خَيْرٍ ، فَإِنَّ أُولَئِكَ الْمَسْبُوقُونَ فِي الْعَمَلِ ! .
فِي صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ طَرَفٌ فِيمَا يَتَعَلَّقُ بِتَسْوِيَةِ الْقُبُورِ ، وَنَحْوِهِ .
فِي صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ طَرَفٌ فِيمَا يَتَعَلَّقُ بِتَسْوِيَةِ الْقُبُورِ ، وَنَحْوِهِ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was attending a funeral, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Which of you will go to Madinah and leave no idol there without breaking it, no image without defacing it, and no grave without levelling it with the ground?" A man from the gathering stood up and said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), I am ready." So the man set off, but it seems he was overcome by awe of Madinah and came back. Then Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) went, and on returning said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), I did not come back to you until I had left there no idol that I had not broken, no grave that I had not levelled, and no image that I had not defaced." At this he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever returns to making any of these things," and then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said something very severe about it. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him): "O Ali, do not be a stirrer of trouble, nor arrogant, nor a trader, except a trader in good, for these are the ones who are left behind in the race of deeds!" In Sahih Muslim there is a part of this hadith concerning the levelling of graves, and other similar reports.
وَقَالَ مُسَدَّدٌ : حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ ، ثَنَا دَاوُدُ بْنُ أَبِي هِنْدٍ ، عَنْ نُعَيْمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، قَالَ : بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَالَ : تِسْعَةُ أَعْشَارِ الرِّزْقِ فِي التِّجَارَةِ .
وَقَالَ نُعَيْمٌ : كَسْبُ الْعُشْرِ الْبَاقِي فِي السَّائِمَةِ - يَعْنِي الْغَنَمَ .
وَقَالَ نُعَيْمٌ : كَسْبُ الْعُشْرِ الْبَاقِي فِي السَّائِمَةِ - يَعْنِي الْغَنَمَ .
Dawud bin Abi Hind narrated from Nu'aym bin Abd al-Rahman, who said: It has reached me that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Nine-tenths of provision lies in trade." And Nu'aym said: "The earning of the remaining one-tenth lies in grazing livestock, that is, sheep and goats."
حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ ، حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جُحَادَةَ ، عَنْ ... عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ عَلِيًّا - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - يَقُولُ : التَّاجِرُ فَاجِرٌ ، إِلَّا مَنْ أَخَذَ الْحَقَّ وَأَعْطَاهُ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) that: "The trader is a wrongdoer (fajir), except the one who takes (wealth) rightfully and gives (in full) what is rightfully due."
