المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية
Al-Matalib al-'Aliyah
كتاب البيوع
Book of Sales
بَابُ فَضْلِ السماحة فِي البيع والتقاضي
The virtue of leniency in selling and in claiming debts
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أَخْبَرَنَا شَبَابَةُ بْنُ سَوَّارٍ الْمَدَائِنِيُّ ، ثَنَا هِشَامٌ - وَهُوَ ابْنُ الْغَازِ - عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي حُسَيْنٍ ، قَالَ : إِنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - ابْتَاعَ حَائِطًا مِنْ رَجُلٍ ، فَسَاوَمَهُ حَتَّى قَامَ عَلَى الثَّمَنِ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : أَعْطِنِي يَدَكَ ، قَالَ : وَكَانُوا لَا يَسْتَوْجِبُونَ إِلَّا بِصَفْقَةٍ ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ الْبَائِعُ ، قَالَ : لَا وَاللهِ ، لَا أَبِيعُهُ حَتَّى تَزِيدَنِي عَشَرَةَ آلَافٍ . فَالْتَفَتَ عُثْمَانُ إِلَى عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا - فَقَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - يَقُولُ : إِنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى يُدْخِلُ الْجَنَّةَ رَجُلًا كَانَ سَمْحًا بَائِعًا ، وَمُبْتَاعًا ، وَقَاضِيًا ، وَمُقْتَضِيًا ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : دُونَكَ الْعَشَرَةُ آلَافٍ لِأَسْتَوْجِبَ هَذِهِ الْكَلِمَةَ الَّتِي سَمِعْتُهَا مِنَ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - .
هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ حَسَنٌ ، يُؤَيِّدُهُ الَّذِي بَعْدَهُ .
هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ حَسَنٌ ، يُؤَيِّدُهُ الَّذِي بَعْدَهُ .
Shababah bin Sawwar al-Mada'ini narrated through Hisham bin al-Ghaz from Abdullah bin Abd al-Rahman bin Abi Husayn that Sayyiduna Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) bought a garden from a man. He bargained with him over the price until a rate was settled, then he said: "Give me your hand." The narrator said: They did not regard a sale as binding without a handshake (the act that seals the deal). When the seller saw this, he said: "No, by Allah! I will not sell it unless you give me ten thousand more." So Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) turned to Sayyiduna Abd al-Rahman bin Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: "I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) saying: 'Indeed, Allah Almighty will admit to Paradise a man who is gentle and generous when selling, when buying, when paying and when asking for what is due.'" Then he said: "Here, take ten thousand more, so that I may become deserving of that blessed word which I heard from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)." This hadith is mursal hasan, and the narration after it supports it.
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ الْبُرْسَانِيُّ ، أَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ ، عَنْ مَطَرٍ الْوَرَّاقِ ، قَالَ : إِنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - قَدِمَ حَاجًّا ، فَلَمَّا قَضَى حَجَّهُ قَدِمَ إِلَى أَرْضٍ بِالطَّائِفِ ، فَإِذَا أَرْضٌ إِلَى جَنْبِ أَرْضِهِ فَطَلَبَهَا ، فَكَانَ بَيْنَهُمَا عَشَرَةُ آلَافٍ فِي الثَّمَنِ . فَلَمَّا وَضَعَ عُثْمَانُ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - رِجْلَهُ فِي الرِّكَابِ ، قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : أَسَمِعْتَ النَّبِيَّ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - يَقُولُ : رَحِمَ اللهُ عَبْدًا سَمْحَ الْبَيْعِ ، سَمْحَ الِابْتِيَاعِ ، سَمْحَ الْقَضَاءِ ، سَمْحَ التَّقَاضِي ؟ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ : نَعَمْ . فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - : رُدَّا عَلَيَّ الرَّجُلَ ، فَأَعْطَاهُ الْعَشَرَةَ آلَافٍ وَأَخَذَ الْأَرْضَ .
هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ حَسَنٌ يُؤَيِّدُهُ الَّذِي قَبْلَهُ ، فَاعْتَضَدَ كُلٌّ مِنْهُمَا بِالْآخَرِ لِاخْتِلَافِ الْمَخْرَجَيْنِ .
هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ حَسَنٌ يُؤَيِّدُهُ الَّذِي قَبْلَهُ ، فَاعْتَضَدَ كُلٌّ مِنْهُمَا بِالْآخَرِ لِاخْتِلَافِ الْمَخْرَجَيْنِ .
It is narrated from Matar al-Warraq that Sayyiduna Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) came for Hajj, and when he had completed his Hajj he went to a piece of land of his in Ta'if. There, next to his land, was another plot which he wanted to buy, and there was a difference of ten thousand between the two parties over the price. Then, when Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) placed his foot in the stirrup, he asked a man from among the Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "Did you hear the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) saying: 'May Allah have mercy on a servant who is gentle when selling, lenient when buying, gentle in paying back a debt and generous also in asking for (his own right)'?" The man replied: "Yes." Then Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Call that man back to me." So he gave him the ten thousand (the rest of his demand as well) and took the land. This is a mursal hasan narration, supported by the narration before it, and since their sources (makhraj) differ, the two strengthen each other.
وَقَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَيْثَمَةَ ، ثَنَا الضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ ، ثَنَا سَالِمٌ الْخَيَّاطُ ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - أَنَّهُ سَاوَمَ رَجُلًا بِأَرْضٍ حَتَّى وَجَبَ الْبَيْعُ ، أَوْ كَادَ أَنْ يَجِبَ ، فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ : وَاللهِ لَا أُعْطِيكَ حَتَّى تَزِيدَنِي عَشَرَةَ آلَافٍ . فَالْتَفَتَ عُثْمَانُ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - إِلَى رَجُلٍ ، فَقَالَ : أَتَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَالَ : رَحِمَ اللهُ رَجُلًا سَمْحَ التَّقَاضِي ، سَمْحَ الِاقْتِضَاءِ ؟ قَالُوا : نَعَمْ . فَزَادَهُ عَشَرَةَ آلَافٍ ، وَأَخَذَ الْأَرْضَ .
Abu Ya'la narrated with his chain from Sayyiduna Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) that he bargained with a man over a piece of land until the sale became binding, or was about to become binding. Then the man said: By Allah! I will not give you this land until you give me ten thousand more. So Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) turned to the people and asked: Do you know that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "May Allah have mercy on a man who is gentle in asking for (his right) and lenient in collecting (what is due)?" They said: Yes. So he (may Allah be pleased with him) gave him an additional ten thousand and took the land.
حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، ثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ ، ثَنَا حَرْبُ بْنُ سُرَيْجٍ ، حَدَّثَنِي رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَلْعَدَوِيَّةِ ، حَدَّثَنِي جَدِّي ، قَالَ : انْطَلَقْتُ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فَنَزَلْتُ عِنْدَ الْوَادِي ، فَإِذَا رَجُلَانِ بَيْنَهُمَا عَنْزٌ وَاحِدَةٌ ، وَإِذَا الْمُشْتَرِي يَقُولُ لِلْبَائِعِ : أَحْسِنْ مُبَايَعَتِي ، فَإِذَا رَجُلٌ حَسَنُ الْجِسْمِ ، فَقَالَ الْمُشْتَرِي : يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ، قُلْ لَهُ يُحْسِنْ مُبَايَعَتِي ! فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَمَدَّ يَدَهُ : أَمْوَالَكُمْ تَمْلِكُونَ ، إِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ أَلْقَى اللهَ تَعَالَى يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ لَا يَطْلُبُنِي أَحَدٌ بِشَيْءٍ ، ظَلَمْتُهُ فِي مَالٍ وَلَا دَمٍ وَلَا عِرْضٍ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهِ . رَحِمَ اللهُ رَجُلًا سَهْلَ الْبَيْعِ ، سَهْلَ الشِّرَى ، سَهْلَ الْأَخْذِ ، سَهْلَ الْعَطَاءِ ، سَهْلَ التَّقَاضِي .
Ya'qub bin Ibrahim narrated through Uthman bin Umar, Harb bin Surayj and a man from the tribe of Banu Adi, from his grandfather, who said: I went to Madinah and stayed near the valley. There I saw two men with a single goat between them, and the buyer was saying to the seller: Deal kindly with me (give me a concession) in this sale. A man of handsome build (the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)) was present there, and the buyer said: O Messenger of Allah! Tell him to give me a concession in this sale! So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), stretching out his hand, said: "You are the owners of your own wealth. I truly hope that when I meet Allah Almighty on the Day of Resurrection, no one will claim anything from me in which I wronged him regarding his wealth, his life or his honour, except what is by right." "May Allah Almighty have mercy on a man who is easy-going in selling, easy-going in buying, easy-going in taking, easy-going in giving and easy-going in asking for (his right)."
