Distribution of the spoils of war

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: I saw the spoils of war being divided into five parts, and then lots were drawn for them. Whatever portion was for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) went to him, and he could choose from it.
Ahmad recorded it. Its chain contains a narrator, Ibn Lahi'ah, who has some weakness, but his hadith is hasan (good). The remaining narrators of this report are thiqat (trustworthy).

Abu al-Zubayr narrates: Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) was asked: "How did the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) use the khumus (one-fifth)?" He replied: "From it he would provide a mount for one man in the path of Allah, then for another man, then for another man."
Ahmad recorded it. Its chain contains a narrator, al-Hajjaj bin Artah, who is a mudallis.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: Whenever the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent out a military expedition and they obtained spoils of war, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would divide the spoils into five parts; he would make five portions of it. Then he would recite this verse: "And know that whatever you obtain as spoils of war, one-fifth of it is for Allah." (The word) "for Allah" is the opening of the statement, as in: "To Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth." So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) made the share of Allah and the share of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) a single share, "and for the near relatives" (there is a share); and he would use these two shares to build strength in horses and weapons. He would not give the share of the orphans, the poor and the wayfarer to anyone other than them. As for the remaining four parts, he would divide them on the principle of two shares for the horse, one share for its rider, and one share for the foot soldier.
Al-Tabarani recorded it. Its chain contains a narrator, Nahshal bin Sa'id, who is matruk (abandoned).

Tariq bin Shihab narrates: The people of Basrah fought at Nahawand, and the people of Kufah reinforced them; their commander was Sayyiduna Ammar bin Yasir (may Allah be pleased with him). They were victorious, and the people of Basrah intended not to give the people of Kufah any share in the division. A man from Banu Tamim or Banu Utarid said: "O mutilated slave, do you want to become our partner in our spoils of war?" The narrator said: His ear had been cut off while he was with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). He said: "You have reviled the better of my ears." Then he wrote to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) about this, and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote back that the spoils of war belong to those who were present at the battle.
Al-Tabarani recorded it, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.

Al-Qasim narrates: Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) said: By the One besides whom there is no god, Allah Almighty divided this fay' (spoils) through the tongue of Sayyiduna Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) before Persia and Rome were conquered (that is, He had made its ruling known).
Al-Tabarani recorded it, and its chain is munqati' (broken).

Sayyiduna Abu Malik al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that he and his companions came in a boat, and with him was a piebald (black-and-white) horse. When they disembarked, they found many camels belonging to the polytheists and took them. Sayyiduna Abu Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) ordered them to slaughter one camel from among them and sustain themselves with it (that is, obtain their food). Then they went on foot until they came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he told the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) about his journey, his companions and the camels they had obtained. Then he went back to his companions. Those who were with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Messenger of Allah, give us some of these camels." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Go to Abu Malik." When they came to Sayyiduna Abu Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), he divided the camels into five parts. He sent one-fifth to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), took one-third of what remained after the khumus (one-fifth) and divided it among his companions, and the remaining two-thirds he divided among the other Muslims. Then they came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "We have never seen anything like what Abu Malik did with these spoils of war." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Had I been the one doing it, I would have done just as he did."
Al-Tabarani recorded it from his teacher al-Miqdam bin Dawud, who is da'if (weak).

Sayyiduna Jubayr bin Mut'im (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not give Banu Abd Shams or Banu Nawfal anything from the khumus (one-fifth), whereas he (peace and blessings be upon him) used to give Banu Hashim and Banu al-Muttalib a share of it. When Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) divided the khumus, he too divided it according to the way of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), except that he did not give to the relatives of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in the way the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to. But Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) continued to give to them, and after him Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) also continued to give to them from it. (Allamah al-Haythami says:) I say: Part of it is recorded in the Sahih.
Ahmad recorded it, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.

Sayyiduna Awf bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: Whenever some spoils came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), he would distribute them that same day. He would give the town-dwellers two shares and the Bedouins one share. We were called, and I was called before Sayyiduna Ammar bin Yasir (may Allah be pleased with him). He was given one share and became displeased, until the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and those present could tell it from his face. Then some gold was left over. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) lifted it with the tip of his staff and it fell; then he lifted it again and it fell again, and he said: What will your state be when you hoard treasures of this gold? No one answered him. Then Sayyiduna Ammar bin Yasir (may Allah be pleased with him) said: It is our wish, by Allah, that treasures be given to us; then whoever is to be patient will be patient, and whoever is to be tried will be tried. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: Perhaps you will be the one most severely tried in it. (Allamah al-Haythami says:) I say: Imam Abu Dawud recorded this narration up to the words: "He gave the Arabs one share."
This narration has been recorded by Imam al-Tabarani; its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih, but its text is munkar (denounced), because the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not say such a thing to any of the people of Badr. And Allah knows best.

Sayyiduna Abu Layla (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) distributed sheep, and he allotted one sheep for every ten of his Companions.
This narration has been recorded by Imam Abu Ya'la and by Imam al-Tabarani in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat. Imam Ahmad recorded it as a more complete and longer narration. Imam Ahmad's narration has already passed in the chapter on the prohibition of plundering. Imam Ahmad's narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: On the occasion of the Battle of Hunayn, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave eighty horses two shares each.
This narration has been recorded by Imam al-Tabarani. Its chain contains a narrator, Kathir, a freed slave (mawla) of Banu Makhzum; I do not know him. The remaining narrators of this narration are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave the kawdan (a slow, non-Arab horse) nothing; in view of strength and quality, he gave it less than the share of an Arab (horse). The narrator says: "Kawdan" means a slow non-Arab horse (birdhawn).
This narration has been recorded by Imam al-Tabarani. Its chain contains a narrator, Abu Bilal al-Ash'ari, and he is da'if (weak).

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: On the occasion of the Battle of Badr, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave the horse two shares and the man one share.
This narration has been recorded by Imam Abu Ya'la. Its chain contains a narrator, Muhammad bin Abi Layla, who has a poor memory, but
this narration is strengthened through corroborating narrations (mutaba'at).

Sayyiduna Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave Sayyiduna Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) one share, his mother one share, and his horse two shares.
This narration has been recorded by Imam Ahmad, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna Abu Ruhm (may Allah be pleased with him) and his brother were both horsemen on the occasion of the Battle of Hunayn. The two of them were given six shares: four shares for their two horses and two shares for the two of them. Then the two of them sold the two shares for two young camels.
This narration has been recorded by Imam Abu Ya'la and Imam al-Tabarani; however, he recorded these words: It is reported from Sayyiduna Abu Ruhm (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: My brother and I took part in the Battle of Khaybar. After that, the rest of the hadith is as before. The chain of this narration contains a narrator, Ishaq bin Abi Farwah, and he is matruk (abandoned).

It is reported about Sayyiduna Miqdad bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with him): On the occasion of the Battle of Badr he was riding a horse named Subhah. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him one share for his horse and one share for himself.
This narration has been recorded by Imam al-Tabarani. Its chain contains a narrator, al-Waqidi, and he is da'if (weak).

Sayyiduna Abu Kabshah al-Anmari (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) conquered Makkah, Sayyiduna Zubayr bin al-Awwam (may Allah be pleased with him) was the commander of the left wing and Sayyiduna Miqdad (may Allah be pleased with him) was the commander of the right wing. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) entered Makkah and the people had settled down, the two of them came with their horses. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) stood up, wiped the dust from their faces with his garment, and said: I assign two shares for the horse and one share for the horseman; whoever violates this, may Allah Almighty punish him.
This narration has been recorded by Imam al-Tabarani. Its chain contains a narrator, Abdullah bin Bishr al-Hubrani, whom Ibn Hibban declared thiqah (trustworthy), while the majority declared him da'if (weak).

Sayyiduna Abu Ruhm (may Allah be pleased with him) reports about his brother: The two of them were horsemen on the occasion of the Battle of Khaybar. They were given six shares: four shares were for their two horses and two shares were for the two of them. They sold the two shares in exchange for two young camels.
This narration has been recorded by Imam al-Tabarani. Its chain contains a narrator, Ishaq bin Abi Farwah, and he is matruk (abandoned).

Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) allotted two shares for the horse and one share for the man.
This narration has been recorded by Imam al-Tabarani. Its chain contains a narrator, Abd al-Jabbar bin Sa'id al-Musahiqi, and he is da'if (weak). And Allah knows best.