The spoils of the slain (salab)

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) passed by Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him), who was beside a man he had killed. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Leave him and his belongings (to him)."
Imam Abu Ya'la recorded this narration, and Imam al-Tabarani recorded a narration with this meaning in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir and al-Mu'jam al-Awsat. The narrators of Imam Ahmad and of al-Mu'jam al-Kabir are the narrators of the Sahih, except Attab bin Ziyad, and he is thiqah (trustworthy).

Imam al-Sha'bi narrates: Sayyiduna Jarir (may Allah be pleased with him) challenged Mihran to single combat and killed him, and the value of his belt was thirty thousand. Previously, when a man challenged another man to single combat and killed him, the slain man's belongings went to him. The people wrote to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) about this, and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "This is not part of the belongings that are given (to the Muslim who killed him), because it is neither a weapon nor part of the 'kura'' (a word used for both weapons and horses)." So Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) did not give it to him as a reward, but included it in the spoils of war.
Imam al-Tabarani recorded this narration, and he did not say that it is narrated from Sayyiduna Jarir (may Allah be pleased with him), so
this narration is munqati' (broken).

Junadah bin Abi Umayyah narrates: We camped at Dabiq, and Sayyiduna Abu Ubaydah bin al-Jarrah (may Allah be pleased with him) was our commander. Habib bin Maslamah received news that the ruler of Cyprus had set out, heading for the patrician of Azerbaijan, and that he had with him emeralds, rubies, pearls, gold and silk brocade. So Habib bin Maslamah set out with some horsemen, killed him, and brought back the goods he had with him. Sayyiduna Abu Ubaydah (may Allah be pleased with him) intended to take the one-fifth (khums) from it, so Sayyiduna Habib bin Maslamah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Do not deprive me of provision that Allah Almighty has granted me; the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that the (slain man's) belongings be given to the one who killed him." Sayyiduna Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Habib, I heard the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) say: 'A man is entitled only to what his leader gives him willingly.'"
Imam al-Tabarani recorded this narration in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir and al-Mu'jam al-Awsat. Its chain contains a narrator, Amr bin Waqid, and he is matruk (abandoned).

Ibn Sirin narrates: Sayyiduna al-Bara' bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), the brother of Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), challenged the Marzuban of al-Zarah to single combat, killed him and took his belongings, and the value of his belongings reached thirty thousand. This news reached Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), and he said to Sayyiduna Abu Talhah (may Allah be pleased with him): "We used not to take the one-fifth (khums) from the salab (that is, the slain man's belongings), but the belongings al-Bara' has taken amount to a great deal of wealth, so I think we will have to take the one-fifth from it."
Imam al-Tabarani recorded this narration, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.

Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: On the day of the Battle of Mu'tah, Sayyiduna Aqil bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) challenged a man to combat and killed him, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave that (slain) man's ring and belongings to Sayyiduna Aqil (may Allah be pleased with him).
Imam al-Tabarani recorded this narration in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat. Its chain contains a narrator, Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Aqil, and he is hasan al-hadith (good in hadith), though there is weakness in him. The remaining narrators of this narration are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: On the day of Badr, Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) came to Abu Jahl, who was lying there wounded. Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) drew his sword, struck his neck and severed his head from his body. Then he took Abu Jahl's belongings, came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and informed him that he had killed Abu Jahl. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) made him swear by Allah three times, and he swore, so the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him Abu Jahl's belongings.
Imam al-Tabarani recorded this narration. Its chain contains a narrator, Isma'il bin Abi Ishaq Abu Isra'il al-Mula'i, and he is da'if (weak). Imam Ahmad says: His hadith is to be written down.

Khuraym bin Aws narrates: In my view there was no greater enemy of the Arabs than Hurmuz. When we had finished with Musaylimah and his followers, we turned towards Basrah, and at Kazimah we encountered Hurmuz, who had a large army with him. Sayyiduna Khalid bin al-Walid (may Allah be pleased with him) came forward and called for single combat, and Hurmuz came out to face him. Sayyiduna Khalid bin al-Walid (may Allah be pleased with him) killed him. They wrote to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) about this, and Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) gave Hurmuz's belongings to Sayyiduna Khalid (may Allah be pleased with him) as a reward. Hurmuz's cap was worth one hundred thousand dirhams. It was the custom of the Persians that when a man became their ruler, they would make his cap worth one hundred thousand dirhams.
Imam al-Tabarani recorded this narration, and its chain contains a narrator whom I do not know.

Qays bin Abi Hazim narrates: On the day of the Battle of al-Qadisiyyah I saw Sayyiduna Amr bin Ma'dikarib (may Allah be pleased with him) urging the people to fight, saying: "O people, be like mighty lions who close in (on the enemy). The Persian is only a he-goat when he has met his short spear." The narrator says: While he was in this state, one of the commanders of the Persians took out his quiver for him, and it was said to him: "O Abu Thawr, this man has taken out his quiver for you." The narrator says: That man shot an arrow at him; it missed him and instead struck the bow of Sayyiduna Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) and broke it. Then Sayyiduna Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) charged at him, wounded him and broke his back. Then he dismounted, went to him and took the bracelets he was wearing, and also took the silk yalmaq (that is, a gown) he was wearing. The narrator says: Those things were then given to him.
Imam al-Tabarani recorded this narration, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.