A comprehensive chapter on supplication for Madinah

Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) performed ablution, then he prayed in the land of Sayyiduna Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) in the Harrah, near the houses of the goats. Then he made this supplication: "O Allah! Indeed Sayyiduna Ibrahim (peace be upon him) is Your Khalil (intimate friend) and Your servant. He supplicated to You for the people of Makkah, and I, Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), am Your servant and Your Messenger. I supplicate to You for the people of Madinah with the same supplication that Sayyiduna Ibrahim (peace be upon him) made to You for Makkah. We supplicate to You that You place blessing for them in their sa', their mudd and their fruits. O Allah! Make Madinah beloved to us just as You made Makkah beloved to us, and transfer its epidemic to "Khumm". O Allah! I declare the area between its two edges (lava tracts) a sanctuary, just as You declared the Sanctuary (of Makkah) sacred through the tongue of Sayyiduna Ibrahim (peace be upon him)."
Imam Ahmad recorded it, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.

Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: One day I saw the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) look towards Syria (al-Sham) and supplicate: "O Allah! Turn their hearts (towards us)." Then he looked towards Iraq and said the same; he looked towards every horizon and did the same, and he made this supplication: "O Allah! Provide for us from the fruits of the earth, and place blessing for us in our mudd and our sa'."
Imam Ahmad and Imam al-Bazzar recorded it, and its chain is hasan (good).

It is reported about Sayyiduna Sufyan bin Abi Zuhayr (may Allah be pleased with him) that his horse became exhausted at al-Aqiq. He was part of a military expedition which the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had sent out. He returned to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and asked him for an animal to ride. Sayyiduna Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with him) states that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) went out with him to obtain a camel for him. He found a camel only with Sayyiduna Abu Jahm bin Hudhayfah al-Adawi (may Allah be pleased with him). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked him the price of the camel, and Sayyiduna Abu Jahm (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: "O Messenger of Allah! I will not sell this camel to you; rather, take it and give it as a mount to whomever you wish." The narrator says: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) took the camel from him. Then he went out until he reached Bi'r Ihab, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Soon buildings will reach this place, and soon Syria (al-Sham) will be conquered. Some of the people of this city will go to Syria, and its prosperity and abundance will please them, although Madinah is better for them, if only they knew. Then Iraq will be conquered, and some people will come and mount their families and those who obey them (that is, slaves and the like) and take them away, although Madinah is better for them, if only they knew. Sayyiduna Ibrahim (peace be upon him) supplicated for the people of Makkah, and I supplicate to Allah Almighty that He place blessing for us in our sa' and place blessing for us in our mudd, just as He placed blessing for the people of Makkah."
(Allamah al-Haythami says:) I say: Part of this narration is reported in the "Sahih".
Imam Ahmad recorded it; some of its narrators are not named.

Sayyiduna Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: We set out with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) until, when we reached the place called "al-Suqya", which belonged to Sayyiduna Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him), the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Allah! Indeed Sayyiduna Ibrahim (peace be upon him) was Your servant and Your Khalil (intimate friend). He asked You for blessing for the people of Makkah, and I, Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), am Your servant and Your Messenger. I supplicate to You for the people of Madinah that You place blessing for them in their sa' and their mudd, like the blessing You placed for the people of Makkah, and make that blessing double."
Imam al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) performed the Fajr prayer, then turned towards those present and said: "O Allah! Place blessing for us in our Madinah, and place blessing for us in our sa' and mudd. O Allah! Place blessing for us in our Syria (al-Sham) and our Yemen." A man said: "O Messenger of Allah! Supplicate for Iraq as well." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "From there the horn of Satan rises, and from there trials (fitan) will spread."
Imam al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) supplicated, saying: "O Allah! Place blessing in our sa' and our mudd; place blessing for us in our Makkah and our Madinah; and place blessing for us in our Syria (al-Sham) and our Yemen." One of those present said: "O Prophet of Allah! (Supplicate) for our Iraq as well." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There will be the horn of Satan there, and trials (fitan) will spread; and harshness is found in the East."
Imam al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).