The new moons and his words: "Fast when you see it"

Sayyiduna Talq bin Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Indeed, Allah Almighty has made the new crescents a means for people to keep (the reckoning of months). So fast upon sighting it and celebrate Eid al-Fitr upon sighting it, and if it is clouded over for you, complete the count."
Ahmad recorded it, and al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir. Its chain contains a narrator, Muhammad bin Jabir al-Yamami, who is saduq (truthful), but his writings were lost and he would accept prompting (talqin).

Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When you see the new crescent, fast, and when you see it, celebrate Eid al-Fitr; and if it is clouded over for you, complete the count of thirty."
Ahmad and Abu Ya'la recorded it, and al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat. The narrators of Ahmad are the narrators of the Sahih.

Sayyiduna Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Begin fasting upon sighting it and celebrate Eid al-Fitr upon sighting it, and if it is clouded over for you, complete the count." The narrator states: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The month is like this, and like this, and like this."
Al-Bazzar recorded it, and al-Tabarani in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir. Its chain contains a narrator, Imran bin Dawud al-Qattan, whom Ibn Hibban and others declared thiqah (trustworthy), though he has been criticised.

Masruq and Sayyiduna al-Bara' bin Azib (may Allah be pleased with him) narrate: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Begin fasting upon sighting it and celebrate Eid al-Fitr upon sighting it, and if it is clouded over for you, complete the count of thirty." Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) indicated with his blessed hand and said: "The month is (sometimes) like this and like this," meaning that it is twenty-nine days.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir. Its chain contains a narrator, Ali bin Hashim bin al-Barid, who is saduq (truthful), but has Shi'i leanings.

Sayyiduna Adi bin Hatim (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When Ramadan comes, fast thirty days of Ramadan, unless you see the new crescent before that, in which case the matter is different."
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir. Its chain contains a narrator, Mujalid bin Sa'id, whom al-Nasa'i (may Allah have mercy on him) declared thiqah (trustworthy), while a group of scholars declared him da'if (weak).

Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not go ahead of it" (the narrator says:) meaning, do not begin fasting before the month of Ramadan. "Begin fasting upon sighting it (that is, the new crescent), and if it is clouded over for you, complete the count of thirty."
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat. Its chain contains a narrator, Ibn Ishaq, who is a mudallis (one who conceals defects in the chain), but he is thiqah (trustworthy).

Abd al-Malik bin Maysarah states: I was in Madinah al-Munawwarah, and Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) and Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) were also there. A man came to its governor and testified before him that he had sighted the new crescent of the month of Ramadan. The governor asked Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) and Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) about this man's testimony, and both of them instructed him to accept it. They both stated that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) accepted the testimony of a single man regarding the sighting of the new crescent of Ramadan, but for Eid al-Fitr the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would accept the testimony of no fewer than two men. (Allamah al-Haythami says:) I say:
This report is in the Sunan in an abridged form.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat. Its chain contains a narrator, Hafs bin Amr al-Ayli, who is da'if (weak).

Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Among the signs of the nearness of the Hour is that the moon will swell, and when the new crescent is seen, it will be said: 'This is a moon of two nights.'"
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Saghir. Its chain contains a narrator, Abd al-Rahman bin al-Azraq al-Antaki, and I have not found anyone who gave his biography.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) says: The fasts are to be started upon sighting the new crescent and kept until it is sighted again; if it is hidden from you, then (the fasts are to be kept for) thirty days.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.

Abd al-Rahman bin Abi Layla states: Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) went out to look for the new crescent. A rider appeared before him, and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: "Where are you coming from?" He replied: "From Syria." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: "Have you seen the new crescent?" He replied: "Yes." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Allahu Akbar (Allah is the Greatest)." Then the believers met one another; after this the narrator mentioned the full hadith.
Abu Ya'la recorded it. Its chain contains a narrator, Jarir bin Ayyub al-Bajali, who is da'if (weak).

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When the Hour draws near, the new crescent will become large."
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir. Its chain contains a narrator, Abd al-Rahman bin Yusuf; the author of Mizan al-I'tidal cited this hadith in his entry and stated that he is majhul (unknown). (Allamah al-Haythami says:) I say: The hadith narrated from Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) will come later in the chapter on the signs of the Hour.

Abd al-Rahman bin Abi Layla reports this statement of Sayyiduna al-Bara' (may Allah be pleased with him): I was with Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) when a man came to him and said: "I have seen the new crescent, that is, the crescent of Shawwal." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O people, celebrate Eid al-Fitr."
Ahmad and al-Bazzar recorded it. Its chain contains a narrator, Abd al-A'la al-Tha'labi. Al-Nasa'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: He is not strong, but his hadith may be written down; and the Imams declared him da'if (weak).

Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) states: Some people testified before the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that they had sighted the new crescent, that is, the crescent of Shawwal, so the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered the people to end their fast and to go out the next day for the Eid prayer.
Al-Bazzar recorded it. Its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih, except that al-Bazzar said that the correct view is:
This report is mursal (with a missing link).

Sayyiduna Abu Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) says: The people were fasting on completion of thirty days when two men came and testified that they had seen the new crescent the previous day, so the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered the people to celebrate Eid al-Fitr.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir. He said: No one stated that this hadith is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) except Ishaq bin Isma'il al-Taliqani. (Allamah al-Haythami says:) I say: This narrator is thiqah (trustworthy).