A Woman May Give Her Charity and Zakat to Her Children and Husband
◈ عن زينب امرأة عبد الله قالت: قال رسول الله: تصدقن يا معشر النساء ولو من حليكن قالت: فرجعت إلى عبد الله فقلت: إنك رجل خفيف ذات اليد وإن رسول الله قد أمرنا بالصدقة فأته فاسأله فإن كان ذلك يجزى عنى وإلا صرفتها إلى غيركم قالت: فقال لي عبد الله: بل التيه أنت. قالت: فانطلقت فإذا امرأة من الأنصار بباب رسول الله حاجتي حاجتها قالت: وكان رسول الله قد ألقيت عليه المهابة. قالت: فخرج علينا بلال فقلنا له: ائت رسول الله فأخبره أن امرأتين بالباب تسألانك أتجزئ الصدقة عنهما على أزواجهما وعلى أيتام فى حجورهما ولا تخبره من نحن. قالت: فدخل بلال على رسول الله فسأله فقال له رسول الله: من هما؟ فقال: امرأة من الأنصار وزينب. فقال رسول الله: أى الزيانب ؟ قال امرأة عبد الله. فقال له رسول الله: لهما أجران أجر القرابة وأجر الصدقة.
Zaynab, the wife of Abdullah ibn Mas’ud (may Allah be pleased with her), narrates that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “O women, give charity, even from your jewellery.”
She narrated: I was with Abdullah ibn Mas’ud (may Allah be pleased with him), and I said to him: “You are a poor man, and your means are meagre. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ has commanded us to give charity. Go to him and ask him: if my giving charity to you suffices (then I will give it to you), otherwise I will spend it on others besides you.” Zaynab said: Abdullah said to me: “You go yourself.” She said: So I went, and there was a woman from the Ansar at the door of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with the same need as mine. She said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was held in awe. She said: Bilal came out to us, and we said to him: “Go to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and inform him that two women are at the door asking you whether their charity suffices for their husbands and for orphans in their care, and do not tell him who we are.” She said: Bilal entered upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and asked him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him: “Who are they?” He said: “A woman from the Ansar and Zaynab.” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Which Zaynab?” He said: “The wife of Abdullah.” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him: “For them there are two rewards: the reward of kinship and the reward of charity.”
A narration of Sahih al-Bukhari is as follows: The Prophet ﷺ said to Zaynab, the wife of Abdullah ibn Mas’ud:
◈ زوجك وولدك أحق من تصدقت به عليهم
“Your husband and your children are more deserving of it than anyone else upon whom you wish to give charity.”
Benefit: These hadiths establish that a woman may give her charity and zakat to her husband and children, if they are eligible to receive charity and zakat. However, a husband may not give zakat and charity to his wife and children, because the maintenance of the wife and children is the responsibility of the man.
استدل بهذا الحديث على أنه يجوز للمرأة أن تدفع زكاتها إلى زوجها وبه قال الثورى والشافعي وصاحبا أبى حنيفة وإحدى الروايتين عن مالك وعن أحمد وإليه ذهب الهادي والناصر والمؤيد بالله وهذا إنما يتم دليلا بعد تسليم أن هذه الصدقة صدقة واجبة وبذلك جزم المازرى ويؤيد ذلك قولها أيجزى عنى … الى آخره۔
والام لا يلزمها نفقة ابنها مع وجود ابيه.
