Source: Aḥkām wa Masāʾil, Discussion on Ṣalāh, Vol. 1, p. 216
❖ 1. Ṣalāt al-Fajr
- ◈ 2 rakʿahs Sunnah Muʾakkadah → before the farḍ.
- ◈ 2 rakʿahs Farḍ → the obligatory Fajr prayer.
- ✦ Note: If the Sunnahs are missed, they may be prayed after farḍ but before sunrise.
❖ 2. Ṣalāt al-Ẓuhr
- ◈ 4 rakʿahs Sunnah Muʾakkadah → before the farḍ.
- ◈ 4 rakʿahs Farḍ → the obligatory Ẓuhr prayer.
- ◈ 2 or 4 rakʿahs Sunnah Muʾakkadah → after the farḍ.
❖ 3. Ṣalāt al-ʿAṣr
- ◈ 4 rakʿahs Sunnah Ghayr Muʾakkadah (optional) → before the farḍ.
- ◈ 4 rakʿahs Farḍ → the obligatory ʿAṣr prayer.
- ◈ 2 rakʿahs Nafl → after the farḍ, considered mustaḥabb by some scholars.
❖ 4. Ṣalāt al-Maghrib
- ◈ 3 rakʿahs Farḍ → the obligatory Maghrib prayer.
- ◈ 2 rakʿahs Sunnah → after the farḍ.
- ◈ 2 rakʿahs Nafl (optional) → some narrations mention the desirability of praying nafl after Maghrib.
❖ 5. Ṣalāt al-ʿIshāʾ
- ◈ 2 rakʿahs Sunnah (optional) → before the farḍ.
- ◈ 4 rakʿahs Farḍ → the obligatory ʿIshāʾ prayer.
- ◈ 2 rakʿahs Sunnah (or Nafl) → after the farḍ.
- ◈ 3 rakʿahs Witr → after the Sunnah.
- ◈ 2 rakʿahs Nafl → it is authentically reported that the Prophet ﷺ sometimes prayed two nafl after Witr.
✅ Summary:
- Fajr → 2 Sunnah + 2 Farḍ
- Ẓuhr → 4 Sunnah + 4 Farḍ + 2/4 Sunnah
- ʿAṣr → 4 Sunnah (optional) + 4 Farḍ + 2 Nafl (optional)
- Maghrib → 3 Farḍ + 2 Sunnah + 2 Nafl (optional)
- ʿIshāʾ → 2 Sunnah (before, optional) + 4 Farḍ + 2 Sunnah + 3 Witr + 2 Nafl (after Witr, optional)
ھذا ما عندي والله أعلم بالصواب
