السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الولاء
Book of Wala
باب: : من أعتق عبدا له سائبة
One who frees his slave as a saibah
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، أَنَّ طَارِقَ بْنَ الْمُرَقَّعِ، أَعْتَقَ أَهْلَ بَيْتٍ سَوَائِبَ، فَأُتِيَ بِمِيرَاثِهِمْ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " أَعْطُوهُ وَرَثَةَ طَارِقٍ "، فَأَبَوْا أَنْ يَأْخُذُوهُ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: " فَاجْعَلُوهُ فِي مِثْلِهِمْ مِنَ النَّاسِ ".
Ata bin Abi Rabah (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Tariq bin al-Muraqqi' freed the members of a household as sa'ibahs. Their inheritance was brought, and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Give it to Tariq's heirs. They refused to take it, so Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Distribute it among people like them.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ مُسْلِمٌ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّ طَارِقَ بْنَ الْمُرَقَّعِ أَعْتَقَ أَهْلَ أَبْيَاتٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ سَوَائِبَ، فَانْقَلَعُوا عَنْ بِضْعَةَ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا، فَذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَأَمَرَ أَنْ يُدْفَعَ إِلَى طَارِقٍ، أَوْ وَرَثَةِ طَارِقٍ. . قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " أَنَا شَكَكْتُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ هَكَذَا "..
Ata (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Tariq bin al-Muraqqi' freed the members of several households of the people of Yemen as sa'ibahs, and they died leaving more than ten thousand. This was mentioned to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and he ordered that it be given to Tariq or to Tariq's heirs.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It is I who had this doubt in the hadith.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It is I who had this doubt in the hadith.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أنبأ يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أنبأ عُقْبَةُ بْنُ ⦗٥٠٧⦘ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَصَمُّ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، أَنَّ طَارِقًا أَعْتَقَ رَجُلًا سَائِبَةً، فَمَاتَ السَّائِبَةُ، وَتَرَكَ مَالًا، فَرُفِعَ مَالُهُ إِلَى صَاحِبِ مَكَّةَ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى طَارِقٍ، فَعَرَضَ مَالَهُ عَلَيْهِ، فَأَبَى طَارِقٌ أَنْ يَأْخُذَهُ فَكَتَبَ عَامِلُ مَكَّةَ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " أَنِ اجْمَعِ الْمَالَ، وَاعْرِضْهُ عَلَى طَارِقٍ، فَإِنْ قَبِلَهُ فَادْفَعْهُ إِلَيْهِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْبَلْهُ فَاشْتَرِ بِهِ رِقَابًا فَأَعْتِقْهُمْ "، قَالَ: فَعَرَضَ عَلَى طَارِقٍ فَلَمْ يَقْبَلْهُ، فَاشْتَرَى بِهِ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ، أَوْ سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ مَمْلُوكًا فَأَعْتَقَهُمْ، قَالَ عُقْبَةُ: كَأَنِّي أَرَى عَطَاءً وَهُوَ يَعْقِدُ بِيَدِهِ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ، أَوْ سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ. وَرَوَاهُ قَتَادَةُ، وَقَيْسُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، قَالَ فِيهِ: فَكَتَبَ يَعْلَى بْنُ مُنْيَةَ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ " أَنَّهُ أَحَقُّ بِمِيرَاثِهِ ". قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَطَاءٌ سَمِعَهُ مِنْ طَارِقٍ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ مِنْهُ فَحَدِيثُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ مُرْسَلٌ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: - يَعْنِي: مَا رُوِيَ لِمَنْ خَالَفَهُ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ أَنَّ سَائِبَةً أَعْتَقَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْحَاجِّ، فَأَصَابَهُ غُلَامٌ مِنْ بَنِي مَخْزُومٍ، فَقَضَى عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِعَقْلِهِ، قَالَ أَبُو الْمَقْضِيِّ عَلَيْهِ: أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَصَابَ ابْنِي؟ قَالَ: " إِذًا لَا يَكُونُ لَهُ شَيْءٌ "، قَالَ: هُوَ إِذًا مِثْلُ الْأَرْقَمِ، قَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " فَهُوَ إِذًا مِثْلُ الْأَرْقَمِ "..
Ata bin Abi Rabah (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Tariq freed a man as a sa'ibah. The sa'ibah died and left wealth, and that wealth came to the people of Makkah. They offered the wealth to Tariq, but Tariq refused to take it, whereupon the governor of Makkah wrote to Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him). Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote in reply: Collect the wealth and give it to Tariq; if he accepts it, hand it over to him, and if he does not accept it, buy slaves with it and set them free. So they gave Tariq the inheritance, but he did not accept it; then they bought 15 or 16 slaves and set them free. Uqbah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I was watching Ata (may Allah have mercy on him) counting 15 or 16 on his hands.
Qatadah and Qays bin Sa'd (may Allah have mercy on them) narrate from Ata (may Allah have mercy on him) that Ya'la bin Munyah (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), and Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote in reply: He is more entitled to his inheritance.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It seems likely that Ata heard it from Tariq; and if he did not hear it from him, then the hadith of Sulayman bin Yasar is mursal.
Al-Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Sulayman bin Yasar (may Allah have mercy on him) relates that a sa'ibah was freed by a pilgrim, and a slave of Banu Makhzum killed him, whereupon Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) imposed the blood money (diyah) on him. The one against whom the judgement was given said: What if he had killed my son? He said: Then nothing would have been due from him. He said: Then he is like the arqam (a venomous snake). Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Then he is like the arqam.
Qatadah and Qays bin Sa'd (may Allah have mercy on them) narrate from Ata (may Allah have mercy on him) that Ya'la bin Munyah (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), and Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote in reply: He is more entitled to his inheritance.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It seems likely that Ata heard it from Tariq; and if he did not hear it from him, then the hadith of Sulayman bin Yasar is mursal.
Al-Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Sulayman bin Yasar (may Allah have mercy on him) relates that a sa'ibah was freed by a pilgrim, and a slave of Banu Makhzum killed him, whereupon Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) imposed the blood money (diyah) on him. The one against whom the judgement was given said: What if he had killed my son? He said: Then nothing would have been due from him. He said: Then he is like the arqam (a venomous snake). Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Then he is like the arqam.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ أَبُو حَامِدِ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، ثنا أَبُو الْأَزْهَرِ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، ثنا أَبِي، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الزِّنَادِ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ ذَكْوَانَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، قَالَ: قَدِمَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ مَكَّةَ وَهُوَ خَلِيفَةٌ، فَرُفِعَ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ أَعْتَقَ سَائِبَةً أَصَابَ ابْنًا لِلسَّائِبِ بْنِ عَائِذِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ مَخْزُومٍ خَطَأً، فَطَلَبَ السَّائِبُ مِنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ دِيَةَ ابْنِهِ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: " إِنْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ وَدَى ابْنَكَ لَكَ مِنْ مَالِهِ، بَالِغًا مَا بَلَغَ "، قَالَ السَّائِبُ: فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ؟ قَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: فَلَا شَيْءَ لَكَ، قَالَ السَّائِبُ: أَفَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَصَبْنَاهُ خَطَأً؟ قَالَ: إِذًا وَاللهِ تَعْقِلُهُ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ السَّائِبُ: فَإِنْ قُتِلَ عُقِلَ، وَإِنْ قَتَلَ لَمْ يُعْقَلْ عَنْهُ؟ قَالَ: فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ السَّائِبُ: إِذًا هُوَ كَالْأَرْقَمِ إِنْ يَلْقَ يَلْقَمْ، وَإِنْ يُقْتَلْ يَنْقِمْ قَالَ: فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: فَهُوَ وَاللهِ ذَلِكَ، قَالَ: فَلَمْ يُعْطِهِ شَيْئًا. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " وَهَذَا - إِذَا ثَبَتَ - بِقَوْلِنَا أَشْبَهُ، لِأَنَّهُ لَوْ رَأَى وَلَاءَهُ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ رَأَى عَلَيْهِمْ عَقْلَهُ، وَلَكِنْ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَقْلُهُ عَلَى مَوَالِيهِ، فَلَمَّا كَانُوا لَا يُعْرَفُونَ لَمْ يَرَ فِيهِ عَقْلًا حَتَّى يُعْرَفَ مَوَالِيهِ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَالَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَى صِحَّةِ هَذَا التَّأْوِيلِ مَا:.
Sulayman bin Yasar (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) came to Makkah while he was caliph, and the case of a man was brought before him who had freed a sa'ibah; that (sa'ibah) had killed a son of al-Sa'ib bin A'idh bin Abdullah bin Umar bin Makhzum by mistake. Al-Sa'ib asked Sayyiduna Umar Faruq (may Allah be pleased with him) for the blood money of his son. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: If he has wealth, he will pay the blood money for your son, whatever it amounts to. Al-Sa'ib said: And if he has no wealth? Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Then you will get nothing. Al-Sa'ib said: What if I kill him by mistake? He said: By Allah! You will pay (his blood money). Al-Sa'ib said: If he is killed, blood money is paid, but if he kills, no blood money is paid? Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Yes. Al-Sa'ib said: Then he is like the arqam (a venomous snake): if it is left alone, it devours, and if it is killed, it takes revenge. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: So it is. And he was not given anything.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الْقَطَّانُ، ثنا الَحَسَنُ بْنُ عِيسَى، أنبأ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ هُبَيْرَةَ، عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ ذُؤَيْبٍ، قَالَ: كَانَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا أَعْتَقَ سَائِبَةً لَمْ يَرِثْهُ، وَإِذَا جَنَى جِنَايَةً كَانَ عَلَى مَنْ أَعْتَقَهُ، فَدَخَلُوا عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَقَالُوا: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، أَنْصِفْنَا، إِمَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْعَقْلُ وَلَكُمُ الْمِيرَاثُ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَنَا الْمِيرَاثُ وَعَلَيْنَا الْعَقْلُ، فَقَضَى عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ لَهُمْ بِالْمِيرَاثِ. . قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: " وَحَدِيثُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ مُنْقَطِعٌ..
Qabisah bin Dhu'ayb (may Allah have mercy on him) said: When a man freed a sa'ibah, he would not inherit from him, and when the sa'ibah committed an offence, its burden was placed on the one who freed him. They came to Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: O Commander of the Believers! Do justice between us: either the blood money is your responsibility and the inheritance is also yours, or the inheritance is ours and the blood money is also our responsibility. So Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) ruled the inheritance in their favour.
Imam al-Shafi'i said: The hadith of Sulayman bin Yasar from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) is munqati' (its chain is broken).
Imam al-Shafi'i said: The hadith of Sulayman bin Yasar from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) is munqati' (its chain is broken).
