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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الولاء
Book of Wala
باب: : من أعتق عبدا له سائبة
Chapter: One who frees his slave as a saibah
Bayhaqi 21480 — One who frees his slave as a saibah
اُردوEn
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أنبأ يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أنبأ عُقْبَةُ بْنُ ⦗٥٠٧⦘ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَصَمُّ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، أَنَّ طَارِقًا أَعْتَقَ رَجُلًا سَائِبَةً، فَمَاتَ السَّائِبَةُ، وَتَرَكَ مَالًا، فَرُفِعَ مَالُهُ إِلَى صَاحِبِ مَكَّةَ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى طَارِقٍ، فَعَرَضَ مَالَهُ عَلَيْهِ، فَأَبَى طَارِقٌ أَنْ يَأْخُذَهُ فَكَتَبَ عَامِلُ مَكَّةَ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " أَنِ اجْمَعِ الْمَالَ، وَاعْرِضْهُ عَلَى طَارِقٍ، فَإِنْ قَبِلَهُ فَادْفَعْهُ إِلَيْهِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْبَلْهُ فَاشْتَرِ بِهِ رِقَابًا فَأَعْتِقْهُمْ "، قَالَ: فَعَرَضَ عَلَى طَارِقٍ فَلَمْ يَقْبَلْهُ، فَاشْتَرَى بِهِ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ، أَوْ سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ مَمْلُوكًا فَأَعْتَقَهُمْ، قَالَ عُقْبَةُ: كَأَنِّي أَرَى عَطَاءً وَهُوَ يَعْقِدُ بِيَدِهِ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ، أَوْ سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ. وَرَوَاهُ قَتَادَةُ، وَقَيْسُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، قَالَ فِيهِ: فَكَتَبَ يَعْلَى بْنُ مُنْيَةَ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ " أَنَّهُ أَحَقُّ بِمِيرَاثِهِ ". قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَطَاءٌ سَمِعَهُ مِنْ طَارِقٍ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ مِنْهُ فَحَدِيثُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ مُرْسَلٌ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: - يَعْنِي: مَا رُوِيَ لِمَنْ خَالَفَهُ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ أَنَّ سَائِبَةً أَعْتَقَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْحَاجِّ، فَأَصَابَهُ غُلَامٌ مِنْ بَنِي مَخْزُومٍ، فَقَضَى عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِعَقْلِهِ، قَالَ أَبُو الْمَقْضِيِّ عَلَيْهِ: أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَصَابَ ابْنِي؟ قَالَ: " إِذًا لَا يَكُونُ لَهُ شَيْءٌ "، قَالَ: هُوَ إِذًا مِثْلُ الْأَرْقَمِ، قَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " فَهُوَ إِذًا مِثْلُ الْأَرْقَمِ "..
Ata bin Abi Rabah (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Tariq freed a man as a sa'ibah. The sa'ibah died and left wealth, and that wealth came to the people of Makkah. They offered the wealth to Tariq, but Tariq refused to take it, whereupon the governor of Makkah wrote to Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him). Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote in reply: Collect the wealth and give it to Tariq; if he accepts it, hand it over to him, and if he does not accept it, buy slaves with it and set them free. So they gave Tariq the inheritance, but he did not accept it; then they bought 15 or 16 slaves and set them free. Uqbah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I was watching Ata (may Allah have mercy on him) counting 15 or 16 on his hands.
Qatadah and Qays bin Sa'd (may Allah have mercy on them) narrate from Ata (may Allah have mercy on him) that Ya'la bin Munyah (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), and Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote in reply: He is more entitled to his inheritance.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It seems likely that Ata heard it from Tariq; and if he did not hear it from him, then the hadith of Sulayman bin Yasar is mursal.
Al-Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Sulayman bin Yasar (may Allah have mercy on him) relates that a sa'ibah was freed by a pilgrim, and a slave of Banu Makhzum killed him, whereupon Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) imposed the blood money (diyah) on him. The one against whom the judgement was given said: What if he had killed my son? He said: Then nothing would have been due from him. He said: Then he is like the arqam (a venomous snake). Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Then he is like the arqam.
Qatadah and Qays bin Sa'd (may Allah have mercy on them) narrate from Ata (may Allah have mercy on him) that Ya'la bin Munyah (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), and Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote in reply: He is more entitled to his inheritance.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It seems likely that Ata heard it from Tariq; and if he did not hear it from him, then the hadith of Sulayman bin Yasar is mursal.
Al-Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Sulayman bin Yasar (may Allah have mercy on him) relates that a sa'ibah was freed by a pilgrim, and a slave of Banu Makhzum killed him, whereupon Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) imposed the blood money (diyah) on him. The one against whom the judgement was given said: What if he had killed my son? He said: Then nothing would have been due from him. He said: Then he is like the arqam (a venomous snake). Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Then he is like the arqam.
