السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الدعوى والبينات
Book of Claims and Evidence
باب: : متاع البيت يختلف فيه الزوجان
Household goods over which husband and wife disagree
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قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: فَمَنْ أَقَامَ الْبَيِّنَةَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ لَهُ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يُقِمْ بَيِّنَةً فَالْقِيَاسُ الَّذِي لَا يُعْذَرُ أَحَدٌ عِنْدِي بِالْغَفْلَةِ عَنْهُ عَلَى الْإِجْمَاعِ أَنَّ هَذَا الْمَتَاعَ فِي أَيْدِيهِمَا مَعًا، فَيَحْلِفُ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا لِصَاحِبِهِ عَلَى دَعْوَاهُ، فَإِنْ حَلَفَا جَمِيعًا فَهُوَ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَانِ..
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "So whoever establishes proof (testimony) for any of it (the goods), it is his; and whoever does not establish proof, then the analogy, which in my view no one is excused for overlooking, based on consensus, is that these goods are in the joint possession of both of them. So each of them will swear an oath against his companion's claim, and if both swear, it (the goods) will be divided between them half and half."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ التَّاجِرُ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، بِالرِّيِّ، أنبأ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ حَمْزَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ الْمَالِكِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، ثنا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ هِشَامُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ، وَعَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ الْقَعْنَبِيُّ قَالَا: ثنا نَافِعُ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْجُمَحِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، قَالَ: كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: قَضَى أَنَّ الْيَمِينَ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ كَمَا مَضَى. وَهَهُنَا كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مُدَّعٍ عَلَيْهِ مَا فِي يَدِهِ، فَالْقَوْلُ قَوْلُهُ مَعَ يَمِينِهِ فِي نَفْيِ مَا يَدَّعِي صَاحِبُهُ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَلِأَنَّ الرَّجُلَ قَدْ يَمْلِكُ مَتَاعَ النِّسَاءِ، وَالْمَرْأَةَ قَدْ تَمْلِكُ مَتَاعَ الرَّجُلِ بِالشِّرَاءِ وَالْمِيرَاثِ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ، وَقَدِ اسْتَحَلَّ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فَاطِمَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا بِبُدْنٍ مِنْ حَدِيدٍ، وَهَذَا مَتَاعُ الرَّجُلِ، وَقَدْ كَانَتْ فَاطِمَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا فِي تِلْكَ الْحَالِ مَالِكَةً لِلْبُدْنِ دُونَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَقَدْ مَضَى هَذَا فِي رِوَايَةِ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا تَزَوَّجَ عَلِيٌّ فَاطِمَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، قَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَعْطِهَا شَيْئًا "، قَالَ: مَا عِنْدِي شَيْءٌ، قَالَ: " أَيْنَ دِرْعُكَ الْحُطَمِيَّةُ؟ "..
Ibn Abi Mulaykah said that Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) wrote to me that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The oath is upon the defendant."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: (This is also) because a man may own women's goods, and a woman may come to own a man's goods by purchase, inheritance and the like. Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) made Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) lawful for himself with a coat of iron armour (as dowry), and that is a man's item, yet at that time Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) was the owner of the armour, not Ali (may Allah be pleased with him).
The Shaykh said: Ikrimah narrates from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both): When Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) married Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her), he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Give Fatimah something." He said: I have nothing. He said: "Where is your Hutami coat of mail?"
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: (This is also) because a man may own women's goods, and a woman may come to own a man's goods by purchase, inheritance and the like. Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) made Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) lawful for himself with a coat of iron armour (as dowry), and that is a man's item, yet at that time Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) was the owner of the armour, not Ali (may Allah be pleased with him).
The Shaykh said: Ikrimah narrates from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both): When Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) married Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her), he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Give Fatimah something." He said: I have nothing. He said: "Where is your Hutami coat of mail?"
وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ ⦗٤٥٥⦘ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، ثنا رَقَبَةُ، قَالَ: قَالَ خَرَجَ يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي مُسْلِمٍ مِنْ عِنْدِ الْحَجَّاجِ، فَقَالَ: لَقَدْ قَضَى الْأَمِيرُ بِقَضِيَّةٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الشَّعْبِيُّ: وَمَا هِيَ؟ فَقَالَ: قَالَ: " مَا كَانَ لِلرَّجُلِ فَهُوَ لِلرَّجُلِ، وَمَا كَانَ لِلنِّسَاءِ فَهُوَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ "، فَقَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ: قَضَاءُ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ، قَالَ: وَمَنْ هُوَ؟ قَالَ: لَا أُخْبِرُكَ، قَالَ: مَنْ هُوَ عَلَى عَهْدِ اللهِ وَمِيثَاقِهِ أَنْ لَا أُخْبِرَهُ، قَالَ: هُوَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: فَدَخَلَ عَلَى الْحَجَّاجِ فَأَخْبَرَهُ، فَقَالَ الْحَجَّاجُ: صَدَقَ وَيْحَكَ، إِنَّا لَمْ نَنْقِمْ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ قَضَاءَهُ، قَدْ عَلِمْنَا أَنَّ عَلِيًّا كَانَ أَقْضَاهُمْ.
Raqabah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Yazid bin Abi Muslim came out from al-Hajjaj and said: The governor has given a judgement. Imam al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) asked: What is it? He said: He said: Whatever is the man's belongs to the man, and whatever is women's belongs to the woman. Al-Sha'bi said: That is the judgement of a man from the people of Badr. He asked: Who is he? He said: I will not tell you.
He said: Who is he? Upon me is the covenant and pledge of Allah that I will not tell him (al-Hajjaj). He said: It was Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him). Then he went in to al-Hajjaj and told him, and al-Hajjaj said: Woe to you, he has spoken the truth! We did not find fault with Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) for his judgements; we knew that Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) was the best judge among them.
He said: Who is he? Upon me is the covenant and pledge of Allah that I will not tell him (al-Hajjaj). He said: It was Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him). Then he went in to al-Hajjaj and told him, and al-Hajjaj said: Woe to you, he has spoken the truth! We did not find fault with Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) for his judgements; we knew that Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) was the best judge among them.
