السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الدعوى والبينات
Book of Claims and Evidence
باب: : من قال: يقرع بينهما إذا لم يكن قافة.
One who said lots are drawn between them when there is no physiognomist
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَطَّانُ، ثنا أَبُو الْأَزْهَرِ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ صَالِحٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ خَيْرٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ، قَالَ: أُتِيَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ وَهُوَ بِالْيَمَنِ فِي ثَلَاثَةٍ وَقَعُوا عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ فِي طُهْرٍ وَاحِدٍ، فَسَأَلَ اثْنَيْنِ: أَتُقِرَّانِ لِهَذَا بِالْوَلَدِ؟ فَقَالَا: لَا، ثُمَّ سَأَلَ اثْنَيْنِ، فَقَالَ: أَتُقِرَّانِ لِهَذَا بِالْوَلَدِ؟ قَالَا: لَا، ثُمَّ سَأَلَ اثْنَيْنِ فَقَالَ: أَتُقِرَّانِ لِهَذَا بِالْوَلَدِ؟ قَالَا: لَا، قَالَ: فَعَلِيٌّ كُلَّمَا سَأَلَ اثْنَيْنِ: أَتُقِرَّانِ لِهَذَا بِالْوَلَدِ؟ قَالَا: لَا، فَأَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَأَلْحَقَ الْوَلَدَ بِالَّذِي صَارَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْقُرْعَةُ، وَجَعَلَ عَلَيْهِ ثُلُثَيِ الدِّيَةِ، قَالَ: فَذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَضَحِكَ حَتَّى بَدَتْ نَوَاجِذُهُ. هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مِمَّا يُعَدُّ فِي أفْرَادِ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ.
Sayyiduna Zayd bin Arqam (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Three men were brought to Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) who had had intercourse with a woman in (one) period of purity (tuhr). He asked two of them: Do you acknowledge the child (for this one)? They refused. Then he asked two again: Do you acknowledge the child? They again answered no. Then two were asked: Do you acknowledge the child? They answered no. Then lots were cast between them, and he attached the child to the one whose name the lot fell on, and imposed two-thirds of the blood money (diyah) on him. This story was mentioned before the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) laughed so much that his molars became visible.
This hadith is counted among those that Abd al-Razzaq alone narrated from Sufyan al-Thawri.
This hadith is counted among those that Abd al-Razzaq alone narrated from Sufyan al-Thawri.
وَالْمَشْهُورُ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْمُثَنَّى، ثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، ثنا يَحْيَى، عَنِ الْأَجْلَحِ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الْخَلِيلِ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ، قَالَ: كُنْتُ جَالِسًا عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، إِذْ جَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ ثَلَاثَةَ نَفَرٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ أَتَوْا عَلِيًّا رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يَخْتَصِمُونَ إِلَيْهِ فِي وَلَدٍ، وَقَدْ وَقَعُوا عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ فِي طُهْرٍ وَاحِدٍ، فَقَالَ لِلِاثْنَيْنِ مِنْهُمَا: طَيِّبَا بِالْوَلَدِ لِهَذَا، فَغَلَبَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلِاثْنَيْنِ: طَيِّبَا بِالْوَلَدِ لِهَذَا، فَغَلَبَا، فَقَالَ: أَنْتُمْ شُرَكَاءُ مُتَشَاكِسُونَ، إِنِّي مُقْرِعٌ بَيْنَكُمْ، فَمَنْ قَرَعَ فَلَهُ الْوَلَدُ، وَعَلَيْهِ لِصَاحِبَيْهِ ثُلُثَا الدِّيَةِ، فَأَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَجَعَلَهُ لِمَنْ قَرَعَ، فَضَحِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى بَدَتْ أَضْرَاسُهُ، أَوْ قَالَ: نَوَاجِذُهُ. أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ، عَنْ مُسَدَّدٍ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ الْكُوفِيُّ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ مَتْرُوكٌ، وَالْأَجْلَحُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ قَدْ رَوَى عَنْهُ الْأَئِمَّةُ الثَّوْرِيُّ وَابْنُ ⦗٤٥١⦘ الْمُبَارَكِ وَيَحْيَى بْنُ الْقَطَّانِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَحْتَجَّ بِهِ الشَّيْخَانِ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ، وَعَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْخَلِيلِ يَنْفَرِدُ بِهِ، وَاخْتُلِفَ عَلَيْهِ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ وَرَفْعِهِ..
Sayyiduna Zayd bin Arqam (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I was with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) when a man came from Yemen and said that a group of three men from Yemen came to Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) with a dispute about a child; they had had intercourse with a woman in a single period of purity. Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) spoke to two of them, but they remained adamant; then he spoke to the others, and they too were adamant. So Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "You are equal partners; I will cast lots between you. The one whose name the lot falls on will have the child, and he will owe his companions two-thirds of the blood money (diyah)." So he decided between them by casting lots, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) laughed until his molars showed.
Muhammad bin Salim al-Kufi also narrated it likewise from al-Sha'bi, and Muhammad bin Salim is matruk (abandoned). As for al-Ajlah bin Abdullah, although the imams al-Thawri, Ibn al-Mubarak and Yahya bin al-Qattan narrated from him, the two Shaykhs, al-Bukhari and Muslim, did not use him as evidence. Abdullah bin al-Khalil is alone in narrating it, and there is disagreement about him regarding its chain and whether it is traced back to the Prophet.
Muhammad bin Salim al-Kufi also narrated it likewise from al-Sha'bi, and Muhammad bin Salim is matruk (abandoned). As for al-Ajlah bin Abdullah, although the imams al-Thawri, Ibn al-Mubarak and Yahya bin al-Qattan narrated from him, the two Shaykhs, al-Bukhari and Muslim, did not use him as evidence. Abdullah bin al-Khalil is alone in narrating it, and there is disagreement about him regarding its chain and whether it is traced back to the Prophet.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ أَنْبَأَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ حَمَّادٍ يَقُولُ: قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْخَلِيلِ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْقُرْعَةِ، لَمْ يُتَابَعْ عَلَيْهِ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الْبُخَارِيُّ حَدِيثَ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ حَيْثُ قَالَ: عَنْ عَبْدِ خَيْرٍ، وَكَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَعُدَّهُ مَحْفُوظًا، وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ الْخَلِيلِ كَذَا رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ، عَنِ الْأَجْلَحِ، وَقِيلَ: عَنْهُ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي الْخَلِيلِ، عَنْ زَيْدٍ، وَقِيلَ: عَنْهُ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ خَلِيلٍ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَقِيلَ: عَنْهُ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ.
Al-Bukhari said: Abdullah bin al-Khalil al-Hadrami, from Zayd bin Arqam, from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), regarding casting lots: he is not corroborated in it.
The Shaykh said: Al-Bukhari mentioned the hadith of Abd al-Razzaq in which he said "from Abd Khayr", and it is as though he did not consider it preserved (mahfuz). The hadith of Ibn al-Khalil was narrated thus by a group from al-Ajlah; and it was also said: from him, from Amir al-Sha'bi, from Abu al-Khalil, from Zayd; and it was said: from him, from al-Sha'bi, from Abdullah bin Khalil al-Hadrami, from Ali (may Allah be pleased with him); and it was said: from him, from al-Sha'bi, from Ali (may Allah be pleased with him).
The Shaykh said: Al-Bukhari mentioned the hadith of Abd al-Razzaq in which he said "from Abd Khayr", and it is as though he did not consider it preserved (mahfuz). The hadith of Ibn al-Khalil was narrated thus by a group from al-Ajlah; and it was also said: from him, from Amir al-Sha'bi, from Abu al-Khalil, from Zayd; and it was said: from him, from al-Sha'bi, from Abdullah bin Khalil al-Hadrami, from Ali (may Allah be pleased with him); and it was said: from him, from al-Sha'bi, from Ali (may Allah be pleased with him).
وَأَصَحُّ مَا رُوِيَ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ، ثنا شَبَابَةُ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي الْخَلِيلِ، أَوِ ابْنِ الْخَلِيلِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، أَنَّ ثَلَاثَةً اشْتَرَكُوا فِي طُهْرِ امْرَأَةٍ، فَادَّعَوَا الْوَلَدَ، فَأَمَرَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ رَجُلًا أَنْ يُقْرِعَ بَيْنَهُمْ، وَأَمَرَ الَّذِي قَرَعَ أَنْ يُعْطِيَ الْآخَرِينَ ثُلُثَيِ الدِّيَةِ، وَيَكُونَ الْوَلَدُ لَهُ، وَهَذَا مَوْقُوفٌ. وَابْنُ الْخَلِيلِ يَنْفَرِدُ بِهِ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ وَفِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَبْدِ اللهِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، وَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ لَوْ ثَبَتَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قُلْنَا بِهِ، وَكَانَتِ الْحُجَّةُ فِيهِ..
Abu al-Khalil or Ibn al-Khalil narrates from Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) that a group of three men had shared in a woman's period of purity, and they all claimed the child. Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) decided between them by lot: the one whose name the lot fell on was to pay his companions 2/3 of the blood money (diyah), and the child would be his.
This is the most authentic of what has been narrated on this subject. It is mawquf (stopping at Ali), and Ibn al-Khalil is alone in narrating it, and Allah knows best. Al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) mentioned this hadith in al-Qadim and in Kitab Ali wa Abdullah, and stated that if it were established from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), we would hold by it and it would be the proof.
This is the most authentic of what has been narrated on this subject. It is mawquf (stopping at Ali), and Ibn al-Khalil is alone in narrating it, and Allah knows best. Al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) mentioned this hadith in al-Qadim and in Kitab Ali wa Abdullah, and stated that if it were established from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), we would hold by it and it would be the proof.
وَقَدْ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ - يَعْنِي: مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ نَصْرٍ قَالَ أَبُو ثَوْرٍ: قَدْ كَانَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ - يَعْنِي: الشَّافِعِيَّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ قَالَ: " إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ قَافَةٌ وَعُدِمَ الَّذِي كَانَ مِنْ قِبَلِهِ الْبَيَانُ أَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ ". قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: رُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ مَرْفُوعًا.
Abu Thawr (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Abu Abdullah al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: When there is no physiognomist and no clarification can be obtained either, then lots are to be cast between them.
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الصَّيْرَفِيُّ قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ هُوَ ابْنُ مُوسَى، ⦗٤٥٢⦘ أنبأ دَاوُدُ الْأَوْدِيُّ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي جُحَيْفَةَ السُّوَائِيِّ، قَالَ: لَمَّا كَانَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بِالْيَمَنِ أَتَاهُ ثَلَاثَةُ نَفَرٍ يَحْتَقُّونَ فِي غُلَامٍ، أَوْ قَالَ: يَخْتَصِمُونَ فِي غُلَامٍ، فَقَالَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ: هُوَ ابْنِي، فَأَقْرَعَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَجَعَلَ الْوَلَدَ لِلْقَارِعِ، وَجَعَلَ عَلَيْهِ لِلرَّجُلَيْنِ ثُلُثَيِ الدِّيَةِ. قَالَ: فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَضَحِكَ حَتَّى بَدَتْ نَوَاجِذُهُ مِنْ قَضَاءِ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ. دَاوُدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْأَوْدِيُّ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ، وَرُوِيَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِيهِ قَضَاءٌ آخَرُ فِي غَيْرِ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ..
Abu Juhayfah al-Suwa'i (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) was in Yemen, three men came to him with a dispute about a child. Each one claimed: He is my son. So lots were cast between them. The one whose name the lot fell on was given the child, and 2/3 of the blood money (diyah) was also imposed on him. This news reached the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he laughed until his molars became visible.
Dawud bin Yazid al-Awdi is not used as evidence.
Dawud bin Yazid al-Awdi is not used as evidence.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْقَطَّانُ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عِيسَى، أنبأ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، أنبأ سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ قَابُوسَ، عَنْ أَبِي ظَبْيَانَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: " أَتَاهُ رَجُلَانِ وَقَعَا عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ فِي طُهْرٍ، فَقَالَ: " الْوَلَدُ بَيْنَكُمَا، وَهُوَ لِلْبَاقِي مِنْكُمَا ". وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ مُرْسَلًا، وَفِي ثُبُوتِهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ نَظَرٌ..
Abu Zabyan narrates from Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) that two men came to Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) who had had intercourse with a woman in one period of purity. He said: The child will be shared between you both, and he belongs to whichever of you survives.
It has also been narrated by another route from Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) in mursal form, and its being established from Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) is doubtful.
It has also been narrated by another route from Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) in mursal form, and its being established from Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) is doubtful.
