السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الشهادات
Book of Testimonies
باب: : شهادة أهل الأشربة
The testimony of drinkers
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قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " مَنْ شَرِبَ مِنَ الْخَمْرِ شَيْئًا وَهُوَ يَعْرِفُهَا خَمْرًا رُدَّتْ شَهَادَتُهُ، لِأَنَّ تَحْرِيمَهَا نَصٌّ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ، سَكِرَ أَوْ لَمْ يَسْكَرْ، وَقَالَ فِيمَا سِوَاهَا مِنَ الْأَشْرِبَةِ الَّتِي يُسْكِرُ كَثِيرُهَا: فَهُوَ عِنْدَنَا مُخْطِئٌ بِشُرْبِهِ، آثِمٌ بِهِ، وَلَا تُرَدُّ بِهِ شَهَادَتُهُ "، يَعْنِي لِمَا فِيهِ مِنَ الْخِلَافِ، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: " مَا لَمْ يَسْكَرْ مِنْهُ، فَإِذَا سَكِرَ مِنْهُ فَشَهَادَتُهُ مَرْدُودَةٌ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنَّ السُّكْرَ مُحَرَّمٌ عِنْدَ جَمِيعِ أَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ ".
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Whoever drinks anything of wine (khamr), while knowing that it is khamr, his testimony is to be rejected, whether he became intoxicated or not, because its prohibition is a nass (explicit text) in the Book of Allah."
And regarding drinks other than khamr, a large amount of which intoxicates, he said: "Such a person, in our view, is in error by drinking it and sinful because of it, but his testimony is not rejected because of it." That is, because there is a difference of opinion about it.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "(This ruling holds) as long as he does not become intoxicated by it; then when he becomes intoxicated by it, his testimony is rejected, because intoxication is forbidden according to all the people of Islam."
And regarding drinks other than khamr, a large amount of which intoxicates, he said: "Such a person, in our view, is in error by drinking it and sinful because of it, but his testimony is not rejected because of it." That is, because there is a difference of opinion about it.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "(This ruling holds) as long as he does not become intoxicated by it; then when he becomes intoxicated by it, his testimony is rejected, because intoxication is forbidden according to all the people of Islam."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَتْحِ هِلَالُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْحَفَّارُ، أنبأ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ الْقَطَّانُ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ السَّرِيِّ، ثنا جَرِيرٌ، عَنْ مِسْعَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَوْنٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ شَدَّادٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: حُرِّمَتِ الْخَمْرُ لِعَيْنِهَا، قَلِيلُهَا وَكَثِيرُهَا، وَالسُّكْرُ مِنْ كُلِّ شَرَابٍ ". فَمِنْ هَذَا وَمَا أَشْبَهَهُ وَقَعَتْ شُبْهَةُ مَنْ أَبَاحَ الْقَلِيلَ مِنْ سَائِرِ الْأَشْرِبَةِ، وَأَمَّا نَحْنُ فَلَا نُبَيْحُ شَيْئًا مِنْهُ إِذَا أَسْكَرَ كَثِيرُهُ، لِمَا رُوِّينَا، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ وَغَيْرِهِمَا، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَنْهَاكُمْ عَنْ قَلِيلِ مَا أَسْكَرَ كَثِيرُهُ "، وَقَالَ: " مَا أَسْكَرَ كَثِيرُهُ فَقَلِيلُهُ حَرَامٌ "، وَقَالَ: " كُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ خَمْرٌ، وَكُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ حَرَامٌ " وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ هَذَا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: " وَالْمُسْكِرُ مِنْ كُلِّ شَرَابٍ ".
Abdullah bin Shaddad narrates that Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: Wine was forbidden in itself, whether a little or much, and (so is) intoxication from every drink. From this and things like it arose the doubt of the one who permitted a small amount of the other drinks. As for us, we do not permit even a little of that whose large amount intoxicates.
(b) Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him), Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) and other Companions narrate from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I forbid you a little of that whose large amount intoxicates," and said: "Whatever intoxicates in a large amount, a small amount of it is also forbidden," and said: "Every intoxicant is wine and every intoxicant is forbidden." In this hadith of Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) it is also narrated: "and the intoxicating (amount) of every drink."
(b) Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him), Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) and other Companions narrate from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I forbid you a little of that whose large amount intoxicates," and said: "Whatever intoxicates in a large amount, a small amount of it is also forbidden," and said: "Every intoxicant is wine and every intoxicant is forbidden." In this hadith of Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) it is also narrated: "and the intoxicating (amount) of every drink."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ أَبُو سَهْلِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ الْقَطَّانُ، ثنا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْحَرْبِيُّ، ثنا عَفَّانُ، ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، ثنا سِمَاكُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ شَدَّادِ بْنِ الْهَادِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، قَالَ: كُنْتُ مَعَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِي حَجٍّ، أَوْ عُمْرَةٍ، فَإِذَا نَحْنُ بِرَاكِبٍ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " أَرَى هَذَا يَطْلُبُنَا "، قَالَ: فَجَاءَ الرَّجُلُ فَبَكَى، قَالَ: " مَا شَأْنُكَ، إِنْ كُنْتَ غَارِمًا أَعَنَّاكَ، وَإِنْ كُنْتَ خَائِفًا أَمَّنَّاكَ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ قَتَلْتَ نَفْسًا فَتُقْتَلَ بِهَا، وَإِنْ كُنْتَ كَرِهْتَ جِوَارَ قَوْمٍ حَوَّلْنَاكَ عَنْهُمْ "، قَالَ: إِنِّي شَرِبْتُ الْخَمْرَ، وَأَنَا أَحَدُ بَنِي تَيْمٍ، وَإِنَّ أَبَا مُوسَى جَلَدَنِي، وَحَلَقَنِي، وَسَوَّدَ وَجْهِي، وَطَافَ بِي فِي النَّاسِ، وَقَالَ: لَا تُجَالِسُوهُ، وَلَا تُؤَاكِلُوهُ، فَحَدَّثْتُ نَفْسِي بِإِحْدَى ثَلَاثٍ: إِمَّا أَنْ أَتَّخِذَ سَيْفًا فَأَضْرِبَ بِهِ أَبَا مُوسَى، وَإِمَّا أَنْ آتِيَكَ فَتُحَوِّلَنِي إِلَى الشَّامِ فَإِنَّهُمْ لَا يَعْرِفُونَنِي، وَإِمَّا أنْ أَلْحَقَ بِالْعَدُوِّ، وَآكُلَ مَعَهُمْ وَأَشْرَبَ، قَالَ: فَبَكَى عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ وَقَالَ: " مَا يَسُرُّنِي أَنَّكَ فَعَلْتَ وَأَنَّ لِعُمَرَ كَذَا وَكَذَا، وَإِنِّي كُنْتُ لَأَشْرَبَ النَّاسِ لَهَا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَإِنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ كَالزِّنَا "، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى أَبِي مُوسَى: سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ، أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فَإِنَّ فُلَانَ بْنَ فُلَانٍ التَّيْمِيَّ أَخْبَرَنِي بِكَذَا وَكَذَا، وَايْمُ اللهِ لَئِنْ عُدْتَ لَأُسَوِّدَنَّ وَجْهَكَ، وَلَأُطَوِّفَنَّ بِكَ فِي النَّاسِ، فَإِنْ أَرَدْتَ أَنْ تَعْلَمَ حَقَّ مَا أَقُولُ لَكَ فَعُدْ، فَأْمُرِ ⦗٣٦٢⦘ النَّاسَ أَنْ يُجَالِسُوهُ وَيُؤَاكِلُوهُ، وَإِنْ تَابَ فَاقْبَلُوا شَهَادَتَهُ "، وَحَمَلَهُ وَأَعْطَاهُ مِائَتَيْ دِرْهَمٍ. فَأَخْبَرَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ شَهَادَتَهُ تَسْقُطُ بِشُرْبِهِ الْخَمْرَ، وَأَنَّهُ إِذَا تَابَ حِينَئِذٍ تُقْبَلُ شَهَادَتُهُ ". قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَبَائِعُ الْخَمْرِ مَرْدُودُ الشَّهَادَةِ، لِأَنَّهُ لَا خِلَافَ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي أَنَّ بَيْعَهَا مُحَرَّمٌ " قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَقَدْ مَضَتِ الدَّلَالَةُ عَلَى تَحْرِيمِ بَيْعِهَا مَعَ الْإِجْمَاعِ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُيُوعِ ".
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) says: I was with Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) on Hajj or Umrah, when we came upon a rider. Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I think this man is looking for us. The narrator says: The man came and wept. He asked: What is the matter with you? If you are in debt, we will help you. If you are afraid, we will give you protection, unless you have killed a soul, in which case you will be killed for it in retaliation. And if you dislike living near some people, we will move you away from them. He said: I drank wine, and I am one of Banu Taym. Sayyiduna Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) flogged me, shaved my head, blackened my face and paraded me among the people, and said: Do not sit with him and do not eat with him. So one of three things came to my mind: 1. To take a sword and strike Abu Musa with it. 2. To come to you so that you move me to Syria, where no one knows me. 3. To join the enemy and eat and drink with them. The narrator says: Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) wept and said: It would not please me that you had done that, even if Umar were to have such and such. I was the heaviest drinker of it among the people in the Jahiliyyah, and it is not like zina (fornication). And he wrote to Sayyiduna Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him): 'Salamun alayka' (Peace be upon you). To proceed: So-and-so son of so-and-so al-Taymi has informed me of such and such. By Allah, if you do this again, I will blacken your face and parade you among the people. If you want to know the truth of what I am telling you, then do it again. Order the people to sit with him and eat with him, and if he repents, accept his testimony. And (Sayyiduna Umar) gave him a mount and gave him 200 dirhams. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) thus made known that his testimony is dropped by his drinking wine, and that when he repents, his testimony is then accepted. Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says that the testimony of the seller of wine is also rejected, because there is no disagreement among the Muslims that selling it is forbidden.
