السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الشهادات
Book of Testimonies
باب: التحفظ في الشهادة والعلم بها
Care in testimony and certain knowledge of it
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قَالَ اللهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: {وَلَا تَقْفُ مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ إِنَّ السَّمْعَ وَالْبَصَرَ وَالْفُؤَادَ كُلُّ أُولَئِكَ كَانَ عَنْهُ مَسْئُولًا} وَقَالَ: {إِلَّا مَنْ شَهِدَ بِالْحَقِّ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ} [الزخرف: 86] وَقَالَ فِي قِصَّةِ إِخْوَةِ يُوسُفَ عَلَيْهِمُ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ: {وَمَا شَهِدْنَا إِلَّا بِمَا عَلِمْنَا وَمَا كُنَّا لِلْغَيْبِ حَافِظِينَ} [يوسف: 81]، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " وَلَا يَسَعُ شَاهِدًا أَنْ يَشْهَدَ إِلَّا بِمَا عَلِمَ ".
Allah, exalted be His praise, says: "And do not pursue that of which you have no knowledge. Indeed, the hearing, the sight and the heart, about all of these there will be questioning." [Surah al-Isra': 36]
And He said: "Except those who testify to the truth while they know." [Surah al-Zukhruf: 86]
And in the story of the brothers of Yusuf (peace be upon him) He said: "And we have testified only to what we know, and we were not guardians of the unseen." [Surah Yusuf: 81]
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "It is not permissible for a witness to testify except to what he knows."
And He said: "Except those who testify to the truth while they know." [Surah al-Zukhruf: 86]
And in the story of the brothers of Yusuf (peace be upon him) He said: "And we have testified only to what we know, and we were not guardians of the unseen." [Surah Yusuf: 81]
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "It is not permissible for a witness to testify except to what he knows."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ، أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْقَاضِي، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْهَرَوِيُّ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْجُرَيْرِيِّ، قَالَ: ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: كُنَّا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: " أَلَا أُحَدِّثُكُمْ بِأَكْبَرِ الْكَبَائِرِ؟ الْإِشْرَاكُ بِاللهِ، وَعُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ "، قَالَ: وَكَانَ مُتَّكِئًا فَجَلَسَ وَقَالَ: " وَشَهَادَةُ الزُّورِ، وَشَهَادَةُ الزُّورِ، وَشَهَادَةُ الزُّورِ "، أَوْ: " قَوْلُ الزُّورِ "، فَمَا زَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُكَرِّرُهَا حَتَّى قُلْنَا: لَيْتَهُ سَكَتَ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ حَفْصٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ عَمْرٍو النَّاقِدِ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ.
Abd al-Rahman bin Abi Bakrah narrates from his father (Sayyiduna Abu Bakrah, may Allah be pleased with him) that we were with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Shall I not tell you about the greatest of the major sins? (1) Associating partners with Allah, (2) disobedience to parents." He (peace and blessings be upon him) was reclining; then he sat up straight and said: "(3) False testimony, false testimony, false testimony," or (he said): "false speech." He (peace and blessings be upon him) kept repeating it until we said: If only he (peace and blessings be upon him) would fall silent.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْبُوشَنْجِيُّ، ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ مَالِكٍ الْبَصْرِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مَسْمُولٍ الْمَكِّيُّ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ وَهْرَامَ الْمَكِّيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: ذُكِرَ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الرَّجُلُ يَشْهَدُ بِشَهَادَةٍ، فَقَالَ: " أَمَّا أَنْتَ يَا ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ فَلَا تَشَهَدْ إِلَّا عَلَى أَمْرٍ يُضِيءُ لَكَ كَضِيَاءِ هَذِهِ الشَّمْسِ "، وَأَوْمَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِيَدِهِ إِلَى الشَّمْسِ ". ⦗٢٦٤⦘ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مَسْمُولٍ هَذَا تَكَلَّمَ فِيهِ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، وَلَمْ يُرْوَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ يُعْتَمَدُ عَلَيْهِ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Tawus narrates from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that a man who gives testimony was mentioned in the presence of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "As for you, O Ibn Abbas, do not testify to anything except a matter that is as clear to you as this sun," and he (peace and blessings be upon him) pointed with his hand towards the sun.
Al-Humaydi criticised this Muhammad bin Sulayman bin Mismul, and it has not been narrated through any reliable chain; and Allah knows best.
Al-Humaydi criticised this Muhammad bin Sulayman bin Mismul, and it has not been narrated through any reliable chain; and Allah knows best.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، أنبأ عِمْرَانُ بْنُ حُدَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مِجْلَزٍ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِابْنِ عُمَرَ: إِنَّ نَاسًا يَدْعُونَنِي، يُشْهِدُونَنِي، وَأَكْرَهُ ذَاكَ، قَالَ: " اشْهَدْ بِمَا تَعْلَمُ ".
Abu Mijlaz (may Allah have mercy on him) says: I said to Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both): People call me to bear witness, and I dislike that. He said: Testify to what you know.
