السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب آداب القاضي
Book of the Etiquette of the Judge
باب: الاحتياط في قراءة الكتاب والإشهاد عليه وختمه لئلا يزور عليه
Taking precautions in reading the letter, having it witnessed and sealing it lest it be forged
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وَقَدْ قَالَ مُطَرِّفُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ: " احْتَرِسُوا مِنَ النَّاسِ بِسُوءِ الظَّنِّ ".
And Mutarrif bin Abdullah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Protect yourselves from people by suspicion (that is, do not trust them blindly)."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، أنبأ أَبُو سَهْلِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ الْقَطَّانُ، ثنا ⦗٢١٩⦘ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْحَرْبِيُّ، ثنا عَفَّانُ، ثنا مَهْدِيُّ بْنُ مَيْمُونٍ، ثنا غَيْلَانُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ مُطَرِّفُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ: " احْتَرِسُوا مِنَ النَّاسِ بِسُوءِ الظَّنِّ ". قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ مَرْفُوعًا، وَالْحَذَرُ مِنْ أَمْثَالِهِ سُنَّةٌ متَّبَعَةٌ.
Mutarrif bin Abdullah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Protect yourselves from people by being suspicious of them.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ فَارِسٍ، ثنا نُوحُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ بْنِ سَيَّارٍ الْمُؤَدِّبُ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، حَدَّثَنِيهِ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْفَغْوَاءِ الْخُزَاعِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ دَعَانِي رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَدْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَبْعَثَنِي بِمَالٍ إِلَى أَبِي سُفْيَانَ يَقْسِمُهُ فِي قُرَيْشٍ بِمَكَّةَ بَعْدَ الْفَتْحِ، فَقَالَ: " الْتَمِسْ صَاحِبًا "، قَالَ: فَجَاءَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِيُّ فَقَالَ: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّكَ تُرِيدُ الْخُرُوجَ وَتَلْتَمِسُ صَاحِبًا، قَالَ: قُلْتُ: أَجَلْ، قَالَ: فَأَنَا لَكَ صَاحِبٌ، قَالَ: فَجِئْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقُلْتُ: قَدْ وَجَدْتُ صَاحِبًا، قَالَ: فَقَالَ لِيَ: " مَنْ؟ "، فَقُلْتُ: عَمْرُو بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِيُّ، قَالَ: " إِذَا هَبَطْتَ بِلَادَ قَوْمِهِ فَاحْذَرْهُ، فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ قَالَ الْقَائِلُ: أَخُوكَ الْبَكْرِيُّ فَلَا تَأْمَنْهُ ". قَالَ: فَخَرَجْنَا، حَتَّى إِذَا كُنَّا بِالْأَبْوَاءِ قَالَ: إِنِّي أُرِيدُ حَاجَةً إِلَى قَوْمِي بِوَدَّانَ فَتَلَبَّثْ لِي، قُلْتُ: رَاشِدًا، فَلَمَّا وَلَّى ذَكَرْتُ قَوْلَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَشَدَدْتُ عَلَى بَعِيرِي حَتَّى خَرَجْتُ أُوضِعُهُ، حَتَّى إِذَا كُنْتُ بِالْأَصَافِرِ إِذَا هُوَ يُعَارِضُنِي فِي رَهْطٍ، قَالَ: وَأَوْضَعْتُ فَسَبَقْتُهُ، فَلَمَّا رَآنِي أَنْ قَدْ فُتُّهُ انْصَرَفُوا، وَجَاءَنِي فَقَالَ: كَانَتْ لِي إِلَى قَوْمِي حَاجَةٌ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: أَجَلْ، وَمَضَيْنَا، حَتَّى إِذَا قَدِمْنَا مَكَّةَ فَدَفَعْتُ الْمَالَ إِلَى أَبِي سُفْيَانَ ".
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr bin al-Faghwa' al-Khuza'i (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates from his father: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called me; he (peace and blessings be upon him) intended to send me with wealth to Abu Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with him) in Makkah, to be distributed after the Conquest. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Find yourself a companion." Sayyiduna Amr bin Umayyah al-Damri (may Allah be pleased with him) came to me and said: You intend to set out and are looking for a companion? I said: Yes. He said: I am your companion. I said to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him): I have found a companion. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Who?" I said: Amr bin Umayyah al-Damri. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When you descend into the land of his people, beware of him, for someone has said: 'Your brother is a Bakri, so do not feel safe from him.'" The narrator said: We came to a place called al-Abwa'. He said: I have some business with my people; wait for me. I said: Very well. When he left, I remembered what the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had said. I urged my camel on until I had left him behind and got away. When I reached a place called al-Asafir, suddenly he confronted me with a group. He said: I outpaced them. When he saw that I had escaped them, they went away. He came to me and said: I had some business with my people. He said: I said: Very well. Then we went on until we reached Makkah, and I handed the wealth over to Abu Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with him).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنِي جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ، ثنا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، ثنا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ عُقَيْلٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عنِ ابنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " لَا يُلْدَغُ مُؤْمِنٌ مِنْ جُحْرٍ مَرَّتَيْنِ " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ.
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "A believer is not stung from the same hole twice."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا خَالِدٌ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَكْرَهُ شَهَادَةَ الرَّجُلِ عَلَى الْوَصِيَّةِ فِي صَحِيفَةٍ مَخْتُومَةٍ حَتَّى يَعْلَمَ مَا فِيهَا.
Al-Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him) used to dislike a man testifying to a will written in a sealed document until it is known what is in it.
(b) Abu Qilabah (may Allah have mercy on him) also disliked testifying to what is enclosed in a sealed document, lest there be some injustice in it.
(b) Abu Qilabah (may Allah have mercy on him) also disliked testifying to what is enclosed in a sealed document, lest there be some injustice in it.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ، ثنا سَعِيدٌ، ثنا جَرِيرٌ، عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، فِي الرَّجُلِ يَخْتِمُ عَلَى وَصِيَّتِهِ، وَقَالَ: اشْهَدُوا عَلَى مَا فِيهَا، قَالَ: " لَا يَجُوزُ حَتَّى يَقْرَأَهَا، أَوْ تُقْرَأَ عَلَيْهِ فَيُقِرَّ بِمَا فِيهَا ".
Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him) said about a man who seals his will and says: "Bear witness to what is in it": He said: It is not permissible until he reads it himself, or it is read to him and he acknowledges what is in it.
(b) Muhammad bin Yusuf (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Sufyan (may Allah have mercy on him) was asked about a man who writes a will, then seals it and says: "Bear witness to whatever is in it." Ibn Abi Layla (may Allah have mercy on him) considered it invalid, and the judge did not consider it permissible.
(b) Muhammad bin Yusuf (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Sufyan (may Allah have mercy on him) was asked about a man who writes a will, then seals it and says: "Bear witness to whatever is in it." Ibn Abi Layla (may Allah have mercy on him) considered it invalid, and the judge did not consider it permissible.
