السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب آداب القاضي
Book of the Etiquette of the Judge
باب: من اجتهد من الحكام، ثم تغير اجتهاده، أو اجتهاد غيره فيما يسوغ فيه الاجتهاد، لم يرد ما قضى به استدلالا بما مضى في خطأ القبلة في كتاب الصلاة
A ruler who exercises ijtihad and then his ijtihad or another's changes in a matter open to ijtihad does not revoke what he ruled, based on what preceded about mistaking the qiblah in the Book of Prayer
Toggle above to switch between keyword search and direct hadith lookup
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْبَزَّازُ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَرَفَةَ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عنِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، قَالَ: كَانَتْ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ لِأَخِي شُرَيْحِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ وَلَدَتْ لَهُ جَارِيَةً، فَزُوِّجَتْ، فَوَلَدَتْ غُلَامًا، ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَتْ أُمُّ الْوَلَدِ، قَالَ: فَاخْتَصَمَ فِي مِيرَاثِهَا شُرَيْحُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ وَابْنُ ابْنَتِهَا إِلَى شُرَيْحٍ فَجَعَلَ شُرَيْحُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ يَقُولُ لِشُرَيْحٍ: إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ مِيرَاثٌ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ ابْنُ بِنْتِهَا، فَقَضَى شُرَيْحٌ بِمِيرَاثِهَا لِابْنِ بِنْتِهَا، وَقَالَ: {وَأُولُو الْأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَى بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ} [الأحزاب: ٦] فَرَكِبَ مَيْسَرَةُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ إِلَى ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ فَأَخْبَرَهُ الَّذِي كَانَ مِنْ شُرَيْحٍ، فَكَتَبَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ إِلَى شُرَيْحٍ: " أَنَّ مَيْسَرَةَ بْنَ يَزِيدَ ذَكَرَ لِي كَذَا وَكَذَا، وَأَنَّكَ قُلْتَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ: {وَأُولُو الْأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَى بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ} [الأحزاب: ٦]، إِنَّمَا كَانَتْ تِلْكَ الْآيَةُ فِي شَأْنِ الْعَصَبَةِ، كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يُعَاقِدُ الرَّجُلَ فَيَقُولُ: تَرِثُنِي وَأَرِثُكَ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ تُرِكَ ذَلِكَ "، قَالَ: فَجَاءَ مَيْسَرَةُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ بِالْكِتَابِ إِلَى شُرَيْحٍ فَلَمَّا قَرَأَهُ أَبَى أَنْ يَرُدَّ قَضَاءَهُ، وَقَالَ: " إِنَّمَا أَعْتَقَهَا حِيتَانُ بَطْنِهَا ".
Isa bin al-Harith (may Allah have mercy on him) said: My brother Shurayh bin al-Harith had an umm walad. She gave birth to a girl, who was married off and gave birth to a boy, and then the umm walad slave woman died. The narrator said: A dispute over the inheritance arose between Shurayh bin al-Harith and that slave woman's grandson (her daughter's son). They came to Qadi Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him). Shurayh bin al-Harith said to Qadi Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him): He has no inheritance in the Book of Allah; he is only her daughter's son. But Qadi Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him) gave judgement in favour of the slave woman's grandson and said: "And blood relatives are more entitled to one another in the Book of Allah." [Surah al-Anfal: 75] Maysarah bin Yazid informed Abdullah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with them both) of Qadi Shurayh's (may Allah have mercy on him) judgement, so Abdullah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with them both) wrote to Qadi Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him): Maysarah bin Yazid has told me that you recited this verse: "And blood relatives are more entitled to one another in the Book of Allah." [Surah al-Anfal: 75] This verse concerns the agnatic heirs ('asabah): men used to make a pact with one another, saying: You are my heir and I am your heir. When this verse was revealed, that practice was abandoned. Then Maysarah bin Yazid brought the letter of Abdullah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with them both) to Qadi Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him). He upheld his judgement and said: It was the fish of her belly that set her free.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ الْفَقِيهُ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَعْقِلٍ، ثنا حَرْمَلَةُ، ثنا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مَالِكٌ، أَنَّ أَبَانَ بْنَ عُثْمَانَ، حِينَ وَلِيَ الْمَدِينَةَ فِي خِلَافَةِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَنْقُضَ مَا كَانَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ قَضَى فِيهِ، فَكَتَبَ أَبَانُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ فِي ذَلِكَ إِلَى عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ: " إِنَّا لَمْ نَنْقِمْ عَلَى ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ مَا كَانَ يَقْضِي بِهِ، وَلَكِنْ نَقَمْنَا عَلَيْهِ مَا كَانَ أَرَادَ مِنَ الْإِمَارَةِ فَإِذَا جَاءَكَ كِتَابِي هَذَا فَأَمْضِ مَا كَانَ قَضَى بِهِ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ وَلَا تَرُدَّهُ، فَإِنَّ نَقَضْنَا الْقَضَاءَ عَنَاءٌ مُعَنًّى ".
Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) said: When Aban bin Uthman became governor of Madinah during the reign of Abd al-Malik bin Marwan, he wanted to overturn a judgement that Ibn al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with them both) had made. Abd al-Malik bin Marwan wrote to Aban bin Uthman: We did not hold the judgements of Ibn al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with them both) against him; rather, what we held against him was his ambition for rulership. When my letter reaches you, carry out what Ibn al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with them both) decided and do not reverse it, for overturning judgements is wearisome toil.
