السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الجزية
Book of Jizyah
باب: نقض الصلح فيما لا يجوز وهو ترك رد النساء إن كن دخلن في الصلح
Annulling the treaty in what is not permissible, namely not returning the women even if they were included in the treaty
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أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ شَرِيكٍ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، ثنا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ عُقَيْلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: بَلَغَنَا أَنَّهُ قَاضَى ⦗٣٨٢⦘ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُشْرِكِي قُرَيْشٍ عَلَى الْمُدَّةِ الَّتِي جَعَلَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ أَنْزَلَ اللهُ فِيمَا قَضَى بِهِ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَأَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ مَرْوَانَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ وَالْمِسْوَرَ بْنَ مَخْرَمَةَ يُخْبِرَانِ عَنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمَّا كَاتَبَ سُهَيْلَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو يَوْمَئِذٍ كَانَ فِيمَا اشْتَرَطَ سُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ لَا يَأْتِيكَ مِنَّا أَحَدٌ وَإِنْ كَانَ عَلَى دِينِكَ إِلَّا رَدَدْتَهُ إِلَيْنَا فَخَلَّيْتَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُ، فَكَرِهَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ ذَلِكَ وَأَلْغَطُوا بِهِ أَوْ قَالَ كَلِمَةً أُخْرَى، قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: لَمْ يَقُلْ شَيْخُنَا هَذِهِ الْكَلِمَةَ وَرِوَايَتُهُ فِي نُسْخَةٍ: وَامْتَعَظُوا وَأَبَى سُهَيْلٌ إِلَّا ذَلِكَ فَكَاتَبَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَرَدَّ يَوْمَئِذٍ أَبَا جَنْدَلٍ إِلَى أَبِيهِ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو وَلَمْ يَأْتِهِ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ إِلَّا رَدَّهُ فِي تِلْكَ الْمُدَّةِ وَإِنْ كَانَ مُسْلِمًا، وَجَاءَتِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ وَكَانَتْ أُمُّ كُلْثُومٍ بِنْتُ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ مِمَّنْ خَرَجَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمَئِذٍ وَهِيَ عَاتِقٌ، فَجَاءَ أَهْلُهَا يَسْأَلُونَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يُرْجِعَهَا إِلَيْهِمْ فَلَمْ يُرْجِعْهَا إِلَيْهِمْ لِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللهُ فِيهِنَّ: {إِذَا جَاءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ مُهَاجِرَاتٍ فَامْتَحِنُوهُنَّ اللهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَانِهِنَّ فَإِنْ عَلِمْتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤْمِنَاتٍ فَلَا تَرْجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ لَا هُنَّ حِلٌّ لَهُمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّ} [الممتحنة: ١٠]. قَالَ عُرْوَةُ: فَأَخْبَرَتْنِي عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ يَمْتَحِنُهُنَّ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: {يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ يُبَايِعْنَكَ عَلَى أَنْ لَا يُشْرِكْنَ بِاللهِ شَيْئًا وَلَا يَسْرِقْنَ وَلَا يَزْنِينَ وَلَا يَقْتُلْنَ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ} [الممتحنة: ١٢] الْآيَةَ. قَالَ عُرْوَةُ: قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا: فَمَنْ أَقَرَّ بِهَذَا الشَّرْطِ مِنْهُنَّ قَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " قَدْ بَايَعْتُكِ "، كَلَامًا يُكَلِّمُهَا بِهِ، وَاللهِ مَا مَسَّتْ يَدُهُ يَدَ امْرَأَةٍ قَطُّ فِي الْمُبَايَعَةِ، مَا بَايَعَهُنَّ إِلَّا بِقَوْلِهِ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ.
Ibn Shihab (may Allah have mercy on him) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) made peace with the polytheists on the day of al-Hudaybiyyah for a fixed period, and Allah, the Lord of Might, revealed Qur'an concerning it, that is, the peace that was between them.
(b) Urwah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) heard Marwan bin al-Hakam and Miswar bin Makhramah (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrating from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) that when he (peace and blessings be upon him) had the agreement written with Suhayl bin Amr, in which Suhayl bin Amr had laid down the condition: "Any man of ours, even if he is upon your religion, you will return to us," the believers disliked this and raised an outcry, or said some other word. And when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had the agreement written with Suhayl bin Amr, that very day Sayyiduna Abu Jandal (may Allah be pleased with him) was handed over to his father Suhayl bin Amr, and every Muslim who came from Makkah within that period, he (peace and blessings be upon him) returned him. However, the believing women, among them Sayyidah Umm Kulthum bint Uqbah bin Abi Mu'ayt (may Allah be pleased with her), came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and their families demanded their return from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), but he (peace and blessings be upon him) did not return them, because the Qur'an was revealed: [Surah al-Mumtahanah: 10]
"When believing women come to you as emigrants, examine them; Allah knows their faith best. If you find them to be believers, do not return them to the disbelievers; those women are not lawful for those men, nor are those men lawful for those women."
(b) Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to examine them by means of this verse: [Surah al-Mumtahanah: 12]
"O Prophet! When believing women come to you, take their pledge that they will not associate anything with Allah, and will not steal, commit adultery or kill their children." Urwah (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Whichever woman affirmed this condition, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would say: "I have accepted your pledge." He (peace and blessings be upon him) would only speak; by Allah, he (peace and blessings be upon him) never touched the hand of any woman while taking the pledge.
(b) Urwah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) heard Marwan bin al-Hakam and Miswar bin Makhramah (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrating from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) that when he (peace and blessings be upon him) had the agreement written with Suhayl bin Amr, in which Suhayl bin Amr had laid down the condition: "Any man of ours, even if he is upon your religion, you will return to us," the believers disliked this and raised an outcry, or said some other word. And when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had the agreement written with Suhayl bin Amr, that very day Sayyiduna Abu Jandal (may Allah be pleased with him) was handed over to his father Suhayl bin Amr, and every Muslim who came from Makkah within that period, he (peace and blessings be upon him) returned him. However, the believing women, among them Sayyidah Umm Kulthum bint Uqbah bin Abi Mu'ayt (may Allah be pleased with her), came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and their families demanded their return from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), but he (peace and blessings be upon him) did not return them, because the Qur'an was revealed: [Surah al-Mumtahanah: 10]
"When believing women come to you as emigrants, examine them; Allah knows their faith best. If you find them to be believers, do not return them to the disbelievers; those women are not lawful for those men, nor are those men lawful for those women."
(b) Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to examine them by means of this verse: [Surah al-Mumtahanah: 12]
"O Prophet! When believing women come to you, take their pledge that they will not associate anything with Allah, and will not steal, commit adultery or kill their children." Urwah (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Whichever woman affirmed this condition, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would say: "I have accepted your pledge." He (peace and blessings be upon him) would only speak; by Allah, he (peace and blessings be upon him) never touched the hand of any woman while taking the pledge.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ ثَوْرٍ، حَدَّثَهُمْ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنِ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ، قَالَ: خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ زَمَنَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِمَعْنَى مَا مَضَى، زَادَ: ثُمَّ جَاءَ نِسْوَةٌ مُؤْمِنَاتٌ مُهَاجِرَاتٌ، الْآيَةَ، فَنَهَاهُمُ اللهُ أَنْ يَرُدُّوهُنَّ وَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَرُدُّوا الصَّدَاقَ.
Sayyiduna Miswar bin Makhramah (may Allah be pleased with him) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) set out at the time of the Treaty of al-Hudaybiyyah. In it these words are additional: When believing women came as emigrants, Allah forbade returning them and commanded only that the dowry (mahr) be returned.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَاضِي قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهْرِيُّ، قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ وَقَدْ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ ابْنُ أَبِي هُنَيْدٍ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ ⦗٣٨٣⦘ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {إِذَا جَاءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ مُهَاجِرَاتٍ فَامْتَحِنُوهُنَّ} [الممتحنة: ١٠]، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ عُرْوَةُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ صَالَحَ أَهْلَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ وَشَرَطَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُ مَنْ أَتَاهُ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ وَلِيِّهِ رَدَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَلَمَّا هَاجَرَ الْمُسْلِمَاتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَمَرَهُ اللهُ بِامْتِحَانِهِنَّ فَإِنْ كُنَّ جِئْنَ رَغْبَةً فِي الْإِسْلَامِ لَمْ يَرُدَّهُنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ، قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {فَإِنْ عَلِمْتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤْمِنَاتٍ فَلَا تَرْجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ} [الممتحنة: ١٠]، فَحَبَسَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ النِّسَاءَ وَرَدَّ الرِّجَالَ.
Al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) says: I came to Urwah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him), and Ibn Abi Hunayd had asked him about this saying of Allah: "When believing women come to you as emigrants, examine them" [Surah al-Mumtahanah: 10]. Urwah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) wrote to him in reply that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) made the Treaty of al-Hudaybiyyah, there was a condition in it that whoever came without the permission of his guardian, he would return him. But when the Muslim women emigrated and came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), Allah commanded: if they come out of desire for Islam, then examine them. "If you know them to be believers, do not return them to the disbelievers" [Surah al-Mumtahanah: 10]. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) kept back the women and returned the men.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهْرِيُّ، وَعَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، قَالَا: هَاجَرَتْ أُمُّ كُلْثُومٍ بِنْتُ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَامَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ فَجَاءَ أَخَوَاهَا الْوَلِيدُ وَفُلَانٌ ابْنَا عُقْبَةَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَطْلُبَانِهَا فَأَبَى أَنْ يَرُدَّهَا عَلَيْهِمَا. وَقَدْ مَضَى فِي رِوَايَةِ مَعْمَرٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ فِي صُلْحِ حُدَيْبِيَةَ فَقَالَ سُهَيْلٌ: عَلَى أَنْ لَا يَأْتِيَكَ مِنَّا رَجُلٌ وَإِنْ كَانَ عَلَى دِينِكَ إِلَّا رَدَدْتَهُ إِلَيْنَا، وَفِي ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ النِّسَاءَ لَمْ يَدْخُلْنَ فِي هَذَا الشَّرْطِ.
Al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) and Abdullah bin Abi Bakr (may Allah have mercy on him) say that Sayyidah Umm Kulthum bint Uqbah bin Abi Mu'ayt (may Allah be pleased with her) emigrated to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) in the year of al-Hudaybiyyah. Then the two sons of Uqbah came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to take their sister back, but he (peace and blessings be upon him) refused to return her. (b) Al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated concerning the Treaty of al-Hudaybiyyah that Suhayl had made the condition in the agreement about men. This indicates that women were not included in it at all.
