السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الجزية
Book of Jizyah
باب: ما جاء في ذبائح نصارى بني تغلب
Reports on the slaughtered animals of the Christians of Banu Taghlib
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَعْدٍ الْجَارِيِّ أَوْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ مَوْلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: مَا نَصَارَى الْعَرَبِ بِأَهْلِ كِتَابٍ، وَمَا يَحِلُّ لَنَا ذَبَائِحُهُمْ، وَمَا أَنَا بِتَارِكِهِمْ حَتَّى يُسْلِمُوا أَوْ أَضْرِبَ أَعْنَاقَهُمْ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَإِنَّمَا تَرَكْنَا أَنْ نُجْبِرَهُمْ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ أَوْ نَضْرِبَ أَعْنَاقَهُمْ؛ لِأَنَّ ⦗٣٦٤⦘ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَخَذَ الْجِزْيَةَ مِنْ نَصَارَى الْعَرَبِ، وَأَنَّ عُمَرَ وَعُثْمَانَ وَعَلِيًّا رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمْ قَدْ أَقَرُّوهُمْ، وَإِنْ كَانَ عُمَرُ قَدْ قَالَ هَذَا، لِذَلِكَ لَا يَحِلُّ لَنَا نِكَاحُ نِسَائِهِمْ؛ لِأَنَّ اللهَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ إِنَّمَا أَحَلَّ لَنَا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِمْ نَزَلَ.
Sa'd al-Jari, or Abdullah bin Sa'd, the freed slave of Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), said that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "The Christians of the Arabs are not People of the Book, and their slaughtered animals are not lawful for us; either they become Muslim or we will kill them."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: How could we force them into Islam or kill them? For the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) took jizyah from the Christians of the Arabs, and Sayyiduna Umar and Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with them both) and Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) let them remain, even though Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) had said this. For that reason, marrying their women is not lawful for us, because Allah, the Lord of Might, has made marriage lawful for us only with those People of the Book upon whom the Book was revealed.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: How could we force them into Islam or kill them? For the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) took jizyah from the Christians of the Arabs, and Sayyiduna Umar and Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with them both) and Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) let them remain, even though Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) had said this. For that reason, marrying their women is not lawful for us, because Allah, the Lord of Might, has made marriage lawful for us only with those People of the Book upon whom the Book was revealed.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ السَّهْمِيُّ، أنبأ هِشَامٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ هُوَ ابْنُ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدَةَ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عَلِيًّا رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ عَنْ ذَبَائِحِ نَصَارَى بَنِي تَغْلِبَ فَقَالَ: لَا تَأْكُلُوهُ فَإِنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَتَعَلَّقُوا مِنْ دِينِهِمْ بِشَيْءٍ إِلَّا بِشُرْبِ الْخَمْرِ.
Ubaydah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I asked Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) about the slaughtered animals of the Christians of Banu Taghlib, and he said: Do not eat their slaughtered animals, for nothing of their religion has remained with them except wine.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، أنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، ثنا شَرِيكٌ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْمُهَاجِرِ الْبَجَلِيِّ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ حُدَيْرٍ الْأَسَدِيِّ، قَالَ: قَالَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: لَئِنْ بَقِيتُ لِنَصَارَى بَنِي تَغْلِبَ لَأَقْتُلَنَّ الْمُقَاتِلَةَ، وَلَأَسْبِيَنَّ الذُّرِّيَّةَ، فَإِنِّي كَتَبْتُ الْكِتَابَ بَيْنَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَبَيْنَهُمْ عَلَى أَنْ لَا يُنَصِّرُوا أَبْنَاءَهُمْ.
Ziyad bin Hudayr al-Asadi said: Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: If I remain alive for the Christians of Banu Taghlib, I will certainly kill their fighting men and take their offspring as captives, for I wrote the agreement between the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and them that "they will not make their children Christians."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُوسَى الْحَاسِبُ، ثنا جُبَارَةُ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ بْنُ بَهْرَامَ، حَدَّثَنِي شَهْرُ بْنُ حَوْشَبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ ذَبِيحَةِ نَصَارَى الْعَرَبِ. هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ ضَعِيفٌ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا بِخِلَافِهِ.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade eating the slaughtered animals of the Christians of the Arabs.
This chain is weak, and the opposite of it has been narrated from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both).
This chain is weak, and the opposite of it has been narrated from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ ثَوْرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ الدِّيلِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ ذَبَائِحِ نَصَارَى الْعَرَبِ فَقَالَ: لَا بَأْسَ بِهَا، وَتَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: {وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِنْكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ} [المائدة: ٥١]..
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) was asked about the slaughtered animals of the Christians of the Arabs, and he said: There is no harm in it, and he recited this verse: "And whoever among you befriends them is indeed one of them." [Surah al-Ma'idah: 51]
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ بَالَوَيْهِ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْجَزَّارُ، ثنا خَالِدُ بْنُ خِدَاشٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي مَالِكٌ، عَنْ ثَوْرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِهِ.
This is like the previous hadith.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو ⦗٣٦٥⦘ الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ: وَالَّذِي يُرْوَى مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي إِحْلَالِ ذَبَائِحِهِمْ إِنَّمَا هُوَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عِكْرِمَةَ، أَخْبَرَنِيهِ ابْنُ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيِّ، وَابْنُ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ ثَوْرٍ الدِّيلِيِّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ ذَبَائِحِ نَصَارَى الْعَرَبِ فَقَالَ قَوْلًا حَكَيَاهُ هُوَ إِحْلَالُهَا وَتَلَا: {وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِنْكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ} [المائدة: ٥١]، وَلَكِنَّ صَاحِبَنَا سَكَتَ عَنِ اسْمِ عِكْرِمَةَ، وَثَوْرٌ لَمْ يَلْقَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: يَعْنِي بِصَاحِبِنَا: مَالِكَ بْنَ أَنَسٍ، لَمْ يَذْكُرْ عِكْرِمَةَ فِي أَكْثَرِ الرِّوَايَاتِ عَنْهُ، وَكَأَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يَرَى أَنْ يُحْتَجَّ بِهِ، وَثَوْرٌ الدِّيلِيُّ إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ عَنْهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَلَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُحْتَجَّ بِهِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ. كَذَا قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فِيمَا رَوَى عَنْهُ عِكْرِمَةُ، وَنَحْنُ إِنَّمَا رَغِبْنَا عَنْهُ لِقَوْلِ عُمَرَ وَعَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: What is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) about their slaughtered animals being lawful comes only through the narration of Ikrimah.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) was asked about the slaughtered animals of the Christians of the Arabs, and he made a statement which was reported as declaring them lawful, and he recited this verse: "And whoever among you befriends them is indeed one of them." [Surah al-Ma'idah: 51] But Malik bin Anas (may Allah have mercy on him) did not mention the name of Ikrimah, and Thawr did not meet Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both).
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Malik bin Anas (may Allah have mercy on him) did not mention Ikrimah in most of the narrations from him, as though he did not consider him fit to be used as evidence; and Thawr al-Dili narrated it only through him (Ikrimah) from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), so it should not be used as evidence, and Allah knows best. This is what Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said in what Ikrimah narrated from him, and we have turned away from it only because of the statement of Sayyiduna Umar and Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with them both).
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) was asked about the slaughtered animals of the Christians of the Arabs, and he made a statement which was reported as declaring them lawful, and he recited this verse: "And whoever among you befriends them is indeed one of them." [Surah al-Ma'idah: 51] But Malik bin Anas (may Allah have mercy on him) did not mention the name of Ikrimah, and Thawr did not meet Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both).
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Malik bin Anas (may Allah have mercy on him) did not mention Ikrimah in most of the narrations from him, as though he did not consider him fit to be used as evidence; and Thawr al-Dili narrated it only through him (Ikrimah) from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), so it should not be used as evidence, and Allah knows best. This is what Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said in what Ikrimah narrated from him, and we have turned away from it only because of the statement of Sayyiduna Umar and Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with them both).
