السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الجزية
Book of Jizyah
باب: نصارى العرب تضعف عليهم الصدقة
The charity levy is doubled on the Arab Christians
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الصَّيْرَفِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنِ السَّفَّاحِ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ كُرْدُوسٍ، قَالَ: صَالَحَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ⦗٣٦٣⦘ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بَنِي تَغْلِبَ عَلَى أَنْ يُضَاعِفَ عَلَيْهِمُ الصَّدَقَةَ، وَلَا يَمْنَعُوا أَحَدًا مِنْهُمْ أَنْ يُسْلِمَ، وَأَنْ لَا يَغْمِسُوا أَوْلَادَهُمْ.
Dawud bin Kurdus states that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) made peace with Banu Taghlib on the condition that the sadaqah on them would be doubled, that they would not prevent anyone from accepting Islam, and that they would not dye their children by dipping them in water.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ، ثنا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنِ السَّفَّاحِ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ كُرْدُوسٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، أَنَّهُ صَالَحَ بَنِي تَغْلِبَ عَلَى أَنْ لَا يَصْبُغُوا فِي دِينِهِمْ صَبِيًّا، وَعَلَى أَنَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الصَّدَقَةَ مُضَاعَفَةٌ، وَعَلَى أَنْ لَا يُكْرَهُوا عَلَى دِينٍ غَيْرِ دِينِهِمْ، فَكَانَ دَاوُدُ يَقُولُ: مَا لِبَنِي تَغْلِبَ ذِمَّةٌ؛ قَدْ صَبَغُوا.
Dawud bin Kurdus narrates from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that he made peace with Banu Taghlib on the condition that they would not dye any child in their religion, that the sadaqah on them would be doubled, and that they would not be compelled to any religion other than their own. Dawud said: Banu Taghlib had no covenant, because they had dyed their children in Christianity.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ ثنا الْحَسَنُ، ثنا يَحْيَى، ثنا عَبْدُ السَّلَامِ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ السَّفَّاحِ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ كُرْدُوسٍ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ التَّغْلِبِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، إِنَّ بَنِي تَغْلِبَ مَنْ قَدْ عَلِمْتَ شَوْكَتَهُمْ، وَإِنَّهُمْ بِإِزَاءِ الْعَدُوِّ، فَإِنْ ظَاهَرُوا عَلَيْكَ الْعَدُوَّ اشْتَدَّتْ مُؤْنَتُهُمْ، فَإِنْ رَأَيْتَ أَنْ تُعْطِيَهُمْ شَيْئًا. قَالَ: فَافْعَلْ. قَالَ: فَصَالَحَهُمْ عَلَى أَنْ لَا يَغْمِسُوا أَحَدًا مِنْ أَوْلَادِهِمْ فِي النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ، وَتُضَاعَفَ عَلَيْهِمُ الصَّدَقَةُ. قَالَ: وَكَانَ عُبَادَةُ يَقُولُ: قَدْ فَعَلُوا وَلَا عَهْدَ لَهُمْ.
Ubadah bin al-Nu'man al-Taghlibi said that he said to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him): O Commander of the Believers, you know the might of Banu Taghlib; they are positioned facing the enemy, and if they back the enemy against you, dealing with them will become hard. If you see fit, give them something. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I will give something. The narrator said: Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) made peace with them on the condition that they would not dye their children in Christianity and that the sadaqah on them would be doubled. Ubadah used to say: They have done it, and they have no covenant.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ أَنْبَأَ الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ عُقَيْبَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ: وَهَكَذَا حَفِظَ أَهْلُ الْمَغَازِي وَسَاقُوهُ أَحْسَنَ مِنْ هَذَا السِّيَاقِ فَقَالُوا: رَامَهُمْ عَلَى الْجِزْيَةِ فَقَالُوا: نَحْنُ عَرَبٌ لَا نُؤَدِّي مَا يُؤَدِّي الْعَجَمُ، وَلَكِنْ خُذْ مِنَّا كَمَا يَأْخُذُ بَعْضُكُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ، يَعْنُونَ الصَّدَقَةَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: لَا، هَذَا فَرْضٌ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ. فَقَالُوا: فَزِدْ مَا شِئْتَ بِهَذَا الِاسْمِ لَا بِاسْمِ الْجِزْيَةِ. فَفَعَلَ فَتَرَاضَى هُوَ وَهُمْ عَلَى أَنْ ضَعَّفَ عَلَيْهِمُ الصَّدَقَةَ.
Al-Rabi' (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said at the end of this hadith: The scholars of the military expeditions (maghazi) have also preserved it this way, and they narrated it in a better sequence. They say: When jizyah was imposed on them, they said: We are Arabs; we will not pay jizyah like the non-Arabs, but collect sadaqah (that is, zakah) from us. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: This is obligatory only upon the Muslims. They said: Then give it some name other than jizyah. So Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) agreed that the sadaqah on them would be doubled.
