السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: المرأة تقاتل فتقتل
A woman who fights may be killed
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اسْتِدْلَالًا بِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ، ثنا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْمُرَقَّعِ بْنِ صَيْفِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ جَدِّهِ رَبَاحِ بْنِ رَبِيعٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي غَزْوَةٍ، فَرَأَى النَّاسَ مُجْتَمِعِينَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ، فَبَعَثَ رَجُلًا، فَقَالَ: " انْظُرْ عَلَى مَا اجْتَمَعَ هَؤُلَاءِ ". فَجَاءَ، فَقَالَ: عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ قَتِيلٍ، فَقَالَ: " مَا ⦗١٤٠⦘ كَانَتْ هَذِهِ لِتُقَاتِلَ ". قَالَ: وَعَلَى الْمُقَدِّمَةِ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، فَبَعَثَ رَجُلًا، فَقَالَ: " قُلْ لِخَالِدٍ: لَا تَقْتُلَنَّ امْرَأَةً وَلَا عَسِيفًا ".
Sayyiduna Rabah bin Rabi' (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We were with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) on a campaign. He (peace and blessings be upon him) saw people gathered around something, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) sent a man, saying: "See what these people are gathered around." He came back and said that they were gathered around a woman who had been killed. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "This woman was not one who would fight." The narrator said: Sayyiduna Khalid bin al-Walid (may Allah be pleased with him) was in charge of the vanguard. He (peace and blessings be upon him) sent someone and said: "Tell Khalid not to kill any woman or hired worker."
وَفِيمَا رَوَى أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي الْمَرَاسِيلِ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ وُهَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَأَى امْرَأَةً مَقْتُولَةً بِالطَّائِفِ، فَقَالَ: " أَلَمْ أَنْهَ عَنْ قَتْلِ النِّسَاءِ؟ مَنْ صَاحِبُ هَذِهِ الْمَرْأَةِ الْمَقْتُولَةِ؟ ". قَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ: أَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَرْدَفْتُهَا فَأَرَادَتْ أَنْ تَصْرَعَنِي فَتَقْتُلَنِي. فَأَمَرَ بِهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ تُوَارَى ".
Ikrimah (may Allah have mercy on him) said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) saw a woman who had been killed at Ta'if. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Did I not forbid the killing of women? Who killed this woman?" A man said: "O Messenger of Allah! I killed her. I had her ride behind me, and she tried to throw me down and kill me." He (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that she be buried.
وَعَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ وُهَيْبٍ، وَعَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، قَالَ: لَمَّا حَاصَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَهْلَ الطَّائِفِ أَشْرَفَتِ امْرَأَةٌ فَكَشَفَتْ قُبُلَهَا، فَقَالَتْ: هَا دُونَكُمْ فَارْمُوا، فَرَمَاهَا رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَمَا أَخْطَأَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهَا، وَفِي حَدِيثِ وُهَيْبٍ فَمَا أَخْطَأَهَا أَنْ قَتَلُوهَا، فَأَمَرَ بِهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ تُوَارَى. أَخْبَرَنَا بِهِمَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْفَسَوِيُّ الدَّاوُدِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ اللُّؤْلُؤِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ.
Ikrimah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) besieged the people of Ta'if, a woman looked down from above and said (her covering had come open): Go on, shoot! A Muslim shot an arrow, and it did not miss its mark. In the hadith of Wuhayb: They did not fail to kill her. He (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that she be buried.
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: مَا قَتَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ امْرَأَةً مِنْ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ إِلَّا امْرَأَةً وَاحِدَةً، وَاللهِ إِنَّهَا عِنْدِي لَتَضْحَكُ ظَهْرًا لِبَطْنٍ، وَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَيَقْتُلُ رِجَالَهُمْ بِالسُّوقِ إِذْ هَتَفَ هَاتِفٌ بِاسْمِهَا أَيْنَ فُلَانَةُ؟ فَقَالَتْ: أَنَا وَاللهِ. فَقُلْتُ: وَيْلَكِ مَا لَكِ؟. فَقَالَتْ: أُقْتَلُ وَاللهِ. قُلْتُ: وَلِمَ؟. قَالَتْ: لِحَدَثٍ أَحْدَثْتُهُ. فَانْطُلِقَ بِهَا فَضُرِبَ عُنُقُهَا، فَمَا أَنْسَى عَجَبًا مِنْهَا طِيبَةَ نَفْسِهَا، وَكَثْرَةَ ضَحِكِهَا، وَقَدْ عَرَفَتْ أَنَّهَا تُقْتَلُ. ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْبَغْدَادِيِّ، عَنْهُ عَنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ دَلَّتْ عَلَى مَحْمُودِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ دَلَّتْ عَلَيْهِ رَحًى فَقَتَلَتْهُ، فَقُتِلَتْ بِذَلِكَ. قَالَ: وَقَدْ يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ تَكُونَ أَسْلَمَتْ وَارْتَدَّتْ وَلَحِقَتْ بِقَوْمِهَا، فَقَتَلَهَا لِذَلِكَ، وَيُحْتَمَلُ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ ". قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: لَمْ يَصِحَّ الْخَبَرُ لِأِيِّ مَعْنًى قَتَلَهَا، وَقَدْ قِيلَ إِنَّ مَحْمُودَ بْنَ مَسْلَمَةَ قُتِلَ بِخَيْبَرَ وَلَمْ يُقْتَلْ يَوْمَ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ ".
Urwah narrates from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that she said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) killed only one woman of Banu Qurayzah. By Allah! She was with me, laughing heartily, while the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was killing their men. Suddenly a caller called out her name: Where is so-and-so? She said: It is I. I said: What is the matter with you? She said: By Allah! I am going to be killed. I asked: Why? She said: Because of something I brought about. She was taken away and beheaded. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: I have not forgotten this astonishing thing, that she was so cheerful and laughing even though she knew she would be killed. (b) Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him), in the narration of Abu Abd al-Rahman al-Baghdadi, reports from his associates that she was the woman who had dropped a millstone on Mahmud bin Maslamah (may Allah be pleased with him) and killed him, and she was killed in return for that. It is also possible that she accepted Islam, then apostatized and rejoined her people, and was killed for that reason; and other possibilities exist as well.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: No report is authentic as to why this woman was killed, and it has also been said that Mahmud bin Maslamah (may Allah be pleased with him) was killed at Khaybar; he was not killed on the day of Banu Qurayzah.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: No report is authentic as to why this woman was killed, and it has also been said that Mahmud bin Maslamah (may Allah be pleased with him) was killed at Khaybar; he was not killed on the day of Banu Qurayzah.
وَاحْتَجَّ بِمَعْنَى الْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ أَحَدُ بَنِي حَارِثَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: خَرَجَ مَرْحَبٌ الْيَهُودِيُّ مِنْ حِصْنِ ⦗١٤١⦘ خَيْبَرَ قَدْ جَمَعَ سِلَاحَهُ وَهُوَ يَرْتَجِزُ، وَيَقُولُ: مَنْ يُبَارِزُ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " مَنْ لِهَذَا؟ ". فَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ: أَنَا لَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، أَنَا وَاللهِ الْمَوْتُورُ الثَّائِرُ، قَتَلُوا أَخِي بِالْأَمْسِ. وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ ". قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " وَالْمَنْقُولُ عِنْدَنَا فِي قِصَّةِ هَذِهِ الْمَرْأَةِ مَا ".
Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Marhab the Jew came out of the fortress of Khaybar, clad in his weapons, reciting battle verses and saying: Who will fight me? He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Who will face him?" Muhammad bin Maslamah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah, I will. By Allah, I am the one who has been wronged and who seeks vengeance; they killed my brother yesterday.
Al-Shaykh said: According to us, this is what has been reported concerning the story of this woman.
Al-Shaykh said: According to us, this is what has been reported concerning the story of this woman.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الدَّقَّاقُ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ، فِيمَا حَدَّثَهُمْ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، وَالْحَارِثِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ الْوَاقِدِيِّ، أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا: إِنَّ خَلَّادَ بْنَ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ الْخَزْرَجِيَّ دَلَّتْ عَلَيْهِ فُلَانَةُ، امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، رَحًا فَشَدَخَتْ رَأْسَهُ، فَذُكِرَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " لَهُ أَجْرُ شَهِيدَيْنِ ". فَقَتَلَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيمَا ذُكِرَ، وَكَانَ خَلَّادُ بْنُ سُوَيْدٍ قَدْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا، وَأُحُدًا، وَالْخَنْدَقَ، وَبَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ ". وَهَذَا مِنْ قَوْلِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، وَالْوَاقِدِيِّ مُنْقَطِعٌ.
Muhammad bin Sa'd (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from al-Waqidi that a woman of Banu Qurayzah dropped a millstone on Khallad bin Suwayd bin Tha'labah al-Khazraji (may Allah be pleased with him) and crushed his head. When this was mentioned before him (peace and blessings be upon him), he said: "He has the reward of two martyrs." Then, in return for that, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had that woman killed. Khallad bin Suwayd (may Allah be pleased with him) was present at Badr, Uhud, the Trench and Banu Qurayzah.
This is from the statement of Ibn Ishaq and al-Waqidi, and it is munqati' (its chain is broken).
This is from the statement of Ibn Ishaq and al-Waqidi, and it is munqati' (its chain is broken).
