السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
قتل كعب بن الأشرف
The killing of Kab bin al-Ashraf
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، قَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ: سَمِعْتُ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللهِ، ح، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، قَالَا: ثنا ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللهِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " مَنْ لِكَعْبِ بْنِ الْأَشْرَفِ فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ آذَى اللهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ". فَقَالَ لَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ: أَتُحِبُّ أَنْ أَقْتُلَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ: " نَعَمْ ". قَالَ: أَنَا لَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، فَأْذَنْ لِي أَنْ أَقُولَ. قَالَ: " قُلْ ". فَأَتَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ هَذَا الرَّجُلَ قَدْ أَخَذَنَا بِالصَّدَقَةِ، وَقَدْ عَنَّانَا، وَقَدْ مَلِلْنَا مِنْهُ. فَقَالَ الْخَبِيثُ لَمَّا سَمِعَهَا: وَأَيْضًا وَاللهِ لَتَمَلُّنَّهُ أَوْ لَتَمَلُّنُّ مِنْهُ، وَلَقَدْ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ أَمْرَكُمْ سَيَصِيرُ إِلَى هَذَا. قَالَ: إِنَّا لَا نَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ نُسْلِمَهُ حَتَّى نَنْظُرَ مَا فَعَلَ، وَإِنَّا نَكْرَهُ أَنْ نَدَعَهُ بَعْدَ أَنِ اتَّبَعْنَاهُ حَتَّى نَنْظُرَ إِلَى أِيِّ شَيْءٍ يَصِيرُ أَمْرُهُ، وَقَدْ جِئْتُكَ لِتُسْلِفَنِي تَمْرًا. قَالَ: نَعَمْ، عَلَى أَنْ تَرْهَنُونِي نِسَاءَكُمْ. قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ: نَرْهَنُكَ نِسَاءَنَا وَأَنْتَ أَجْمَلُ الْعَرَبِ؟ قَالَ: فَأَوْلَادَكُمْ، قَالَ: فَيُعَيِّرُ النَّاسُ أَوْلَادَنَا أَنَّا رَهَنَّاهُمْ بِوَسْقٍ أَوْ وَسْقَيْنِ، وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ: فَيُسَبُّ ابْنُ أَحَدِنَا فَيُقَالُ: رُهِنَ بِوَسْقٍ أَوْ وَسْقَيْنِ. قَالَ: فَأِيُّ شَيْءٍ تَرْهَنُونَ؟ قَالَ: نَرْهَنُكَ اللَّأْمَةَ - يَعْنِي السِّلَاحَ - قَالَ: نَعَمْ. فَوَاعَدَهُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُ، فَرَجَعَ مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَى أَصْحَابِهِ فَأَقْبَلَ وَأَقْبَلَ مَعَهُ أَبُو نَائِلَةَ وَهُوَ أَخُو كَعْبٍ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ، وَجَاءَ مَعَهُ رَجُلَانِ آخَرَانِ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي مُسْتَمْكِنٌ مِنْ رَأْسِهِ فَإِذَا ⦗١٣٩⦘ أَدْخَلْتُ يَدِي فِي رَأْسِهِ فَدُونَكُمُ الرَّجُلَ. فَجَاؤُوهُ لَيْلًا وَأَمَرَ أَصْحَابَهُ، فَقَامُوا فِي ظِلِّ النَّخْلِ، وَأَتَاهُ مُحَمَّدٌ فَنَادَاهُ: يَا أَبَا الْأَشْرَفِ، فَقَالَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ: أَيْنَ تَخْرُجُ هَذِهِ السَّاعَةَ؟ فَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا هُوَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ وَأَخِي أَبُو نَائِلَةَ. فَنَزَلَ إِلَيْهِ مُلْتَحِفًا فِي ثَوْبِ وَاحِدٍ تَنْفَحُ مِنْهُ رِيحُ الطِّيبِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ مُحَمَّدٌ: مَا أَحْسَنَ جِسْمَكَ وَأَطْيَبَ رِيحَكَ قَالَ: إِنَّ عِنْدِي ابْنَةَ فُلَانٍ وَهِيَ أَعْطَرُ الْعَرَبِ. قَالَ: فَتَأْذَنُ لِي أَنْ أَشُمَّهُ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. فَأَدْخَلَ مُحَمَّدٌ يَدَهُ فِي رَأْسِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَتَأْذَنُ لِي أَنْ أُشِمَّ أَصْحَابِي؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. فَأَدْخَلَهَا فِي رَأْسِهِ فَأَشَمَّ أَصْحَابَهُ، ثُمَّ أَدْخَلَهَا مَرَّةً أُخْرَى فِي رَأْسِهِ حَتَّى أَمِنَهُ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ شَبَّكَ يَدَهُ فِي رَأْسِهِ فَنَصَاهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: دُونَكُمْ عَدُوَّ اللهِ، فَخَرَجُوا عَلَيْهِ فَقَتَلُوهُ، ثُمَّ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَخْبَرَهُ ". رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ.
Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Who will kill Ka'b bin al-Ashraf? He has harmed Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him)." Muhammad bin Maslamah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Would you (peace and blessings be upon him) like me to kill him? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Yes." He said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! I will kill him, but permit me (peace and blessings be upon him) to say some things. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Say them." Muhammad bin Maslamah (may Allah be pleased with him) came to him and said: This man (meaning Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him) has taken charity from us and been hard on us, and we have grown weary of him. When the wicked man heard these words, he said: Moreover, by Allah, you will certainly grow weary of him, and I knew that your affair would come to this. He said: We cannot abandon him until we see what he does, and we dislike leaving him after having followed him until we see where his affair ends up. I have come to you so that you may lend me some dates. He said: All right, but pledge your women to me. Muhammad bin Maslamah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: You are the most handsome of the Arabs; should we pledge our women to you? He said: Then pledge your children. Muhammad bin Maslamah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: People would taunt our children that we pledged them for one or two wasqs, and sometimes our children would be reviled: This is the one who was pledged for one or two wasqs. He said: What will you pledge to me? Muhammad bin Maslamah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We will pledge our weapons to you. He said: Agreed. He arranged that he would come to him. Muhammad bin Maslamah (may Allah be pleased with him) went back to his companions, and with him came Abu Na'ilah (may Allah be pleased with him), who was Ka'b's foster brother, and two other men. He said: I will get a firm hold of his head; when I put my hand into his hair, attack him. They came one night, and Muhammad bin Maslamah (may Allah be pleased with him) told his companions to stand in the shade of the date palms. Muhammad bin Maslamah (may Allah be pleased with him) came and called out: O Abu al-Ashraf! His wife said: Where are you going at this hour? He said: It is Muhammad bin Maslamah (may Allah be pleased with him) and my brother Abu Na'ilah (may Allah be pleased with him). He came down wrapped in a single garment, giving off the scent of perfume. Muhammad bin Maslamah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: How handsome your body is, and how fine your scent! He said: The daughter of so-and-so is married to me, and she is the most fragrant of the Arabs. Muhammad (bin Maslamah, may Allah be pleased with him) said: Will you permit me to smell it? He said: Yes. So he put his hand into his hair, then said: Will you permit me to let my companions smell it? He said: Yes. So he put his hand into his hair and let his companions smell the scent. Then he put his hand into his hair a second time, until Ka'b felt at ease with him; then he seized the hair of his head and forelock firmly and said to his companions: Attack the enemy of Allah! They came out and killed him, and then they came and informed the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَتَّابٍ، ثنا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، ثنا ابْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ، قَالَ: فَعَانَقَهُ سَلْكَانُ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ، وَقَالَ: " اقْتُلُونِي وَعَدُوَّ اللهِ "، فَلَمْ يَزَالُوا يَتَخَلَّصُونَ إِلَيْهِ بِأَسْيَافِهِمْ حَتَّى طَعَنَهُ أَحَدُهُمْ فِي بَطْنِهِ طَعْنَةً بِالسَّيْفِ خَرَجَ مِنْهَا مُصْرَانُهُ وَخَلَصُوا إِلَيْهِ فَضَرَبُوهُ بِأَسْيَافِهِمْ، وَكَانُوا فِي بَعْضِ مَا يَتَخَلَّصُونَ إِلَيْهِ، وَسَلْكَانُ مُعَانِقُهُ أَصَابُوا عَبَّادَ بْنَ بِشْرٍ فِي وَجْهِهِ، أَوْ فِي رِجْلهِ وَلَا يَشْعُرُونَ، ثُمَّ خَرَجُوا يَشْتَدُّونَ سِرَاعًا حَتَّى إِذَا كَانُوا بِجُرُفِ بُعَاثٍ فَقَدُوا صَاحِبَهُمْ، فَرَجَعُوا أَدْرَاجَهُمْ فَوَجَدُوهُ مِنْ وَرَاءِ الْجُرُفِ فَاحْتَمَلُوهُ حَتَّى أَتَوْا بِهِ أَهْلَهُمْ مِنْ لَيْلَتِهِمْ. وَذَكَرَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ، قَالَ: وَأُصِيبَ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ أَوْسِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ فَجُرِحَ فِي رَأْسِهِ وَرِجْلِهِ، أَصَابَهُ بَعْضُ أَسْيَافِنَا. وَبِمَعْنَاهُ ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ.
Musa bin Uqbah (may Allah have mercy on him) said about this story: Silkan bin Salamah (may Allah be pleased with him) grappled with him and said: Kill me along with the enemy of Allah! They kept striking at him with their swords to get him free, until one of them thrust a sword into his belly and his insides came out; then they killed him with their swords. While they were trying to get at him, and Silkan (may Allah be pleased with him) had hold of his neck, Abbad bin Bishr (may Allah be pleased with him) was wounded in the face or the leg without their realizing it. Then they ran off quickly, and when they reached Juruf Bu'ath, they found their companion missing. They went back the way they had come and found him behind al-Juruf; then they carried him and reached their homes that same night.
