السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: العبيد والنساء والصبيان يحضرون الوقعة
Slaves, women and children who are present at the battle
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْأُمَوِيُّ، وَأَبُو الْفَضْلِ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْعَدْلُ، قَالَا: ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أنبأ عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ ⦗٩١⦘ عَطَاءٍ، أنبأ جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ، ح، قَالَ: وَأنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَاللَّفْظُ لَهُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، ثنا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أنبأ وَهْبُ بْنُ جَرِيرِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ قَيْسًا وَهُوَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هُرْمُزَ، أَنَّ نَجْدَةَ بْنَ عَامِرٍ، كَتَبَ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، أَنِ اكْتُبْ إِلِيَّ مَنْ ذَوُو الْقُرْبَى الَّذِينَ ذَكَرَهُمُ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَفَرَضَ لَهُمْ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ، وَمَتَى يَنْقَضِي يُتْمُ الْيَتِيمِ، وَهَلْ يُقْتَلُ صِبْيَانُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، وَهَلْ لِلنِّسَاءِ وَالْعَبِيدِ إِذَا حَضَرُوا الْبَأْسَ مِنْ سَهْمٍ مَعْلُومٍ؟ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: " لَوْلَا أَنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ يَقَعَ فِي شَيْءٍ مَا كَتَبْتُ إِلَيْهِ فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ وَأَنَا شَاهِدٌ: أَمَّا ذَوُو الْقُرْبَى فَإِنَّا كُنَّا نَرَى أَنَّهُمْ قَرَابَةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَبَى ذَلِكَ عَلَيْنَا قَوْمُنَا، وَأَمَّا صِبْيَانُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمْ يَقْتُلْ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدًا، فَلَا تَقْتُلْ إِلَّا أَنْ تَعْلَمَ مَا عَلِمَ الْخَضِرُ مِنَ الْغُلَامِ الَّذِي قَتَلَهُ، وَأَمَّا مَا سَأَلْتَ عَنِ انْقِضَاءِ يُتْمِ الْيَتِيمِ فَإِذَا بَلَغَ الْحُلُمَ وَأُونِسَ مِنْهُ رُشْدُهُ، فَقَدِ انْقَضَى يُتْمُهُ فَادْفَعْ إِلَيْهِ مَالَهُ، وَأَمَّا النِّسَاءُ وَالْعَبِيدُ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ سَهْمٌ مَعْلُومٌ إِذَا حَضَرُوا الْبَأْسَ، وَلَكِنْ يُحْذَوْنَ مِنْ غَنَائِمِ الْقَوْمِ ". رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ.
Najdah bin Amir wrote a letter to Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both): Tell me who are the relatives whom Allah has mentioned, that they are to be given from the fay', which Allah granted to His Messenger without fighting? When does the orphan's orphanhood end? Are the children of the polytheists to be killed? If women and slaves go to battle, is there a fixed share for them? Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: Were I not afraid that he would fall into this, I would not write. So he wrote, and I was present: By the relatives we hold that only the relatives of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) are meant, though our people have refused that. As for the children of the polytheists, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did not kill any child, so you too do not kill, unless you know what al-Khidr (peace be upon him) knew about the boy whom he killed. The end of orphanhood is reaching puberty and maturity of mind becoming apparent; then his orphanhood has ended, so now give him his wealth. And if women and slaves go to battle, there is no fixed share for them, but give them something from the spoils as a gift.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الطَّيِّبِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الزَّاهِدُ، ثنا سَهْلُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ الْعَتَكِيُّ، ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ أَبِي جَعْفَرَ وَالزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هُرْمُزَ، قَالَ فِيمَا كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ نَجْدَةُ فِي كِتَابِهِ ذَلِكَ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ الْيَتِيمِ مَتَى يَخْرُجُ مِنَ الْيُتْمِ وَيَقَعُ حَقُّهُ فِي الْفَيْءِ؟ فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ: أَنَّهُ إِذَا احْتَلَمَ فَقَدْ خَرَجَ مِنَ الْيُتْمِ وَوَقَعَ حَقُّهُ فِي الْفَيْءِ ".
Yazid bin Hurmuz (may Allah have mercy on him) says that Najdah wrote him (Ibn Abbas) a letter, which also asked when an orphan leaves the age of orphanhood and his right in the fay' becomes established. So Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) wrote to him that on reaching puberty the orphan's orphanhood ends and his right in the fay' becomes established.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، ثنا بِشْرُ بْنُ الْمُفَضَّلِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عُمَيْرٌ مَوْلَى آبِي اللَّحْمِ، قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ خَيْبَرَ مَعَ سَادَتِي، فَكَلَّمُوا فِيَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَمَرَ بِي، فَقُلِّدْتُ سَيْفًا فَإِذَا أَنَا أَجُرُّهُ فَأُخْبِرَ أَنِّي مَمْلُوكٌ، فَأَمَرَ لِي بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ خُرْثِيِّ الْمَتَاعِ ".
Sayyiduna Umayr (may Allah be pleased with him), the freed slave of Abu al-Lahm, says: I was present at Khaybar with my masters. They spoke to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) about me, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave an order concerning me, and a sword was hung on me, and I was dragging it. He was informed that I was a slave, so the Prophet of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that I be given some of the lesser goods from the property.
وَأَمَّا الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ الدِّمَشْقِيِّ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، وَخَالِدِ بْنِ مَعْدَانَ، قَالَا: " أَسْهَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِلْفَارِسِ لِفَرَسِهِ سَهْمَيْنِ، وَلِصَاحِبِهِ سَهْمًا، فَصَارَ لَهُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ، وَلِلرَّاجِلِ سَهْمًا، وَأَسْهَمَ لِلنِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ ". فَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ وَحَدِيثُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ مَوْصُولٌ صَحِيحٌ فَهُوَ أَوْلَى وَبِاللهِ التَّوْفِيقُ.
Khalid bin Ma'dan and Makhul (may Allah have mercy on them both) say that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) "allotted two shares for the horseman's horse and one share for the rider, so he had three shares; the foot soldier received one share; and he also allotted a share for women and children."
This is munqati' (broken), whereas the hadith of Ibn Abbas is connected and sahih (authentic), so it takes precedence; and success is from Allah.
This is munqati' (broken), whereas the hadith of Ibn Abbas is connected and sahih (authentic), so it takes precedence; and success is from Allah.
