السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: من يبدأ بجهاده من المشركين
Which of the polytheists are to be fought first
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قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " قَالَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى: {قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ يَلُونَكُمْ مِنَ الْكُفَّارِ} [التوبة: 123]..
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, says: 'Fight those of the disbelievers who are near you.' [Surah al-Tawbah: 123]"
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَ: ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تَهَيَّأَ لِلْحَرْبِ، فَقَامَ فِيمَا أَمَرَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مِنْ جِهَادِ عَدُوِّهِ وَقِتَالِ مَنْ أَمَرَهُ بِهِ مِمَّنْ يَلِيهِ مِنْ مُشْرِكِي الْعَرَبِ ". ⦗٦٥⦘ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: " فَإِنِ اخْتَلَفَ حَالُ الْعَدُوِّ فَكَانَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَنْكَى مِنْ بَعْضٍ، أَوْ أَخْوَفَ مِنْ بَعْضٍ، فَلْيَبْدَأ الْإِمَامُ بِالْعَدُوِّ الْأَخْوَفِ أَوِ الْأَنْكَى، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ دَارُهُ أَبْعَدَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ، وَتَكُونُ هَذِهِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ ضَرُورَةٍ ". قَالَ: " وَقَدْ بَلَغَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ أَبِي ضِرَارٍ أَنَّهُ يَجْمَعُ لَهُ، فَأَغَارَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ وَقُرْبَهُ عَدُوٌّ أَقْرَبُ مِنْهُ.
Ibn Ishaq (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) intended to fight. He (peace and blessings be upon him) began jihad against the enemies whom Allah Almighty had commanded him (to fight), and Allah Almighty had commanded him to fight the nearest polytheists first.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: If the condition of the enemy differs, that is, some of them cause more harm than others or are more feared than others, then the commander will fight first the enemy from whom there is more danger, even if his land is farther away; and this will be in a case of necessity.
He said: When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) received news that al-Harith bin Abi Dirar was gathering an army, he (peace and blessings be upon him) launched a night attack on him, while around him (peace and blessings be upon him) there were enemies who were nearer than al-Harith bin Abi Dirar.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: If the condition of the enemy differs, that is, some of them cause more harm than others or are more feared than others, then the commander will fight first the enemy from whom there is more danger, even if his land is farther away; and this will be in a case of necessity.
He said: When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) received news that al-Harith bin Abi Dirar was gathering an army, he (peace and blessings be upon him) launched a night attack on him, while around him (peace and blessings be upon him) there were enemies who were nearer than al-Harith bin Abi Dirar.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ حِبَّانَ، وَعَاصِمُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، وَعَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ يَجْمَعُونَ لَهُ، وَقَائِدُهُمُ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ أَبِي ضِرَارٍ أَبُو جُوَيْرِيَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَسَارَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى نَزَلَ بِالْمُرَيْسِيعِ مَاءٌ مِنْ مِيَاهِ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ، فَأَعَدُّوا لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَتَزَاحَفَ النَّاسُ فَاقْتَتَلُوا، فَهَزَمَ اللهُ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ وَقُتِلَ مَنْ قُتِلَ مِنْهُمْ، وَنَفَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ وَنِسَاءَهُمْ، وأَقَامَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ قُدَيْدٍ إِلَى السَّاحِلِ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: غَزَاهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي شَعْبَانَ سَنَةَ سِتٍّ ".
Abdullah bin Abi Bakr (may Allah have mercy on him) said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) received news that Banu al-Mustaliq were preparing an army, led by al-Harith bin Abi Dirar, the father of the Mother of the Believers Sayyidah Juwayriyah (may Allah be pleased with her), so he (peace and blessings be upon him) set out. When he (peace and blessings be upon him) reached the well called al-Muraysi', one of the wells of Banu al-Mustaliq, they prepared to fight him (peace and blessings be upon him), and the people began to close in on one another. Then there was fighting. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) defeated Banu al-Mustaliq. Some of them were killed, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) took their children, wealth and women as spoils, and he had attacked them from the side of the coast of Qudayd. Ibn Ishaq (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This took place in 6 AH.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْفَارِسِيُّ، قَالَا: أنبأ أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ مَطَرٍ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، أنبأ سُلَيْمُ بْنُ أَخْضَرَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ، قَالَ: كَتَبْتُ إِلَى نَافِعٍ أَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ الدُّعَاءِ قَبْلَ الْقِتَالِ، قَالَ: " فَكَتَبَ إِنَّمَا كَانَ ذَاكَ فِي أَوَّلِ الْإِسْلَامِ، قَدْ أَغَارَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ وَهُمْ غَارُّونَ وَأَنْعَامُهُمْ تُسْقَى عَلَى الْمَاءِ، فَقَتَلَ مُقَاتِلَتَهُمْ وَسَبَى سَبْيَهُمْ، وَأَصَابَ يَوْمَئِذٍ - أَحْسَبُهُ قَالَ: جُوَيْرِيَةَ بِنْتَ الْحَارِثِ. حَدَّثَنِي بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَكَانَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْجَيْشِ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " وَبَلَغَهُ أَنَّ خَالِدَ بْنَ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ نُبَيْحٍ يَجْمَعُ لَهُ، فَأَرْسَلَ ابْنَ أُنَيْسٍ فَقَتَلَهُ وَقُرْبَهُ عَدُوٌّ أَقْرَبُ مِنْهُ ".
Ibn Awn says: I wrote to Nafi' asking him what the ruling is on the call (inviting to Islam) before fighting. He wrote back: That was only at the beginning of Islam. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) launched a raid on Banu al-Mustaliq while they were unaware and their livestock were being watered at the water; the men fit for fighting were killed and the children were taken captive. On that day he obtained (I think he said) Sayyidah Juwayriyah bint al-Harith (may Allah be pleased with her). Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrated this hadith to me, and he was in that army.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: When news came that Khalid bin Sufyan bin Nubayh was gathering an army, Ibn Unays (may Allah be pleased with him) was sent towards him. He killed him, even though there were enemies near him as well.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: When news came that Khalid bin Sufyan bin Nubayh was gathering an army, Ibn Unays (may Allah be pleased with him) was sent towards him. He killed him, even though there were enemies near him as well.
أَخْبَرْنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أُنَيْسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى خَالِدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ الْهُذَلِيِّ وَكَانَ نَحْوَ عُرَنَةَ وَعَرَفَاتٍ، فَقَالَ: " اذْهَبْ فَاقْتُلْهُ ". قَالَ: فَرَأَيْتُهُ وَحَضَرَتْ صَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ، فَقُلْتُ: إِنِّي لَأَخَافُ أَنْ يَكُونَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُ مَا أَنْ أُؤَخِّرَ الصَّلَاةَ، فَانْطَلَقْتُ أَمْشِي وَأَنَا أُصَلِّي أُومِي إِيمَاءً نَحْوَهُ، فَلَمَّا دَنَوْتُ مِنْهُ قَالَ لِي: مَنْ أَنْتَ؟ قُلْتُ: رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ، بَلَغَنِي ⦗٦٦⦘ أَنَّكَ تَجْمَعُ لِهَذَا الرَّجُلِ، فَجِئْتُكَ فِي ذَاكَ. قَالَ: إِنِّي لَفِي ذَاكَ. فَمَشَيْتُ مَعَهُ سَاعَةً، حَتَّى إِذَا أَمْكَنَنِي عَلَوْتُهُ بِسَيْفِي حَتَّى بَرَكَ ".
The son of Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Unays (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates from his father that he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent me to Khalid bin Sufyan, who was in the direction of Uranah and Arafat, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Go and kill him." He says: I saw him, and at that moment the time of the Asr prayer came. I thought: I fear that the matter between me and him will cause the prayer to be delayed. So I set off towards him praying as I walked, making gestures (for bowing and prostration). When I came near him, he said to me: Who are you? I said: An Arab; news has reached me that you are gathering an army against this man, so I too have come to you for that purpose. He said: I am doing exactly that. So I walked with him for a while, and when I got my chance against him, I attacked him with my sword until he died.
