السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: فرض الهجرة
The obligation of emigration
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قَالَ اللهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ فِي الَّذِي يُفْتَنُ عَنْ دِينِهِ قَدَرَ عَلَى الْهِجْرَةِ فَلَمْ يُهَاجِرْ حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَ: {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَفَّاهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ ظَالِمِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ قَالُوا فِيمَ كُنْتُمْ قَالُوا كُنَّا مُسْتَضْعَفِينَ فِي الْأَرْضِ} [النساء: 97] الْآيَةَ..
Allah, exalted be His praise, said concerning the person who is put to trial because of his religion and is able to emigrate but does not emigrate until he dies: "Indeed, those whose souls the angels take while they are wronging themselves - (the angels) say: In what condition were you? They say: We were weak (and oppressed) in the land." [Surah al-Nisa: 97] (the verse).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ الْوَاسِطِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْمُقْرِئُ، ثنا حَيْوَةُ، وَرَجُلٌ، قَالَا: ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ نَوْفَلٍ الْأَسَدِيُّ، قَالَ: قُطِعَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ بَعْثٌ لِيَنْهَبَ فِيهِ، فَلَقِيتُ عِكْرِمَةَ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فَنَهَانِي أَشَدَّ النَّهْيِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ " نَاسًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ كَانُوا مَعَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ يُكَثِّرُونَ سَوَادَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَيَأْتِي السَّهْمُ يُرْمَى بِهِ فَيُصِيبُ أَحَدَهُمْ فَيَقْتُلُهُ، أَوْ يُضْرَبُ فَيُقْتَلُ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى ذِكْرَهُ فِيهِمْ: {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَفَّاهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ ظَالِمِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ قَالُوا فِيمَ كُنْتُمْ قَالُوا كُنَّا مُسْتَضْعَفِينَ فِي الْأَرْضِ قَالُوا أَلَمْ تَكُنْ أَرْضُ اللهِ وَاسِعَةً فَتُهَاجِرُوا فِيهَا فَأُولَئِكَ مَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ وَسَاءَتْ مَصِيرًا} [النساء: ٩٧]. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ الْمُقْرِئِ.
Muhammad bin Abd al-Rahman bin Nawfal al-Asadi said: The people of Madinah were ordered to send out an army, and my name too was written in it. (Meanwhile) I met Ikrimah, the freed slave of Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), and he forbade me most strongly, and said: Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) informed me that there were some people from among the Muslims who were with the army of the polytheists and caused their numbers to increase, and did not join the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). So whenever an arrow came from the Muslims' side it would strike them and they would die, or they would otherwise be killed. So Allah Almighty revealed this verse concerning them: "Indeed, those whose souls the angels take while they are wronging themselves - (the angels) ask them: In what condition were you (why did you not emigrate)? They answer: We were weak and oppressed in the land. The angels say: Was not the earth of Allah spacious enough for you to emigrate in it? For those, their refuge is Hell, and evil it is as a destination." [Surah al-Nisa: 97]
أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَاهُ حَجَّاجٌ، ثنا حَمَّادٌ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ جَرِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْبَجَلِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " مَنْ أَقَامَ مَعَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَقَدْ بَرِئَتْ مِنْهُ الذِّمَّةُ ".
Sayyiduna Jarir bin Abdullah al-Bajali (may Allah be pleased with him) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever stays with the polytheists, he is free of the protection of Allah."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْمُقْرِئُ، أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ، ثنا جَرِيرٌ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَجِيلَةَ، عَنْ جَرِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَهُوَ يُبَايِعُ النَّاسَ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ ابْسُطْ يَدَكَ حَتَّى أُبَايِعَكَ، وَاشْتَرِطْ عَلَيَّ، فَأَنْتُ أَعْلَمُ بِالشَّرْطِ مِنِّي. قَالَ: " أُبَايِعُكَ عَلَى أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللهَ، وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةَ، وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ، وَتُنَاصِحَ الْمُؤْمِنَ، وَتُفَارِقَ الْمُشْرِكَ ".
Sayyiduna Jarir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) while he was taking the pledge of allegiance from the people. I said: O Prophet of Allah! Stretch out your hand so that I may pledge allegiance to you, and also lay down for me whatever conditions you consider appropriate for me. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I take your pledge on condition that you worship Allah, establish the prayer, pay the zakah, sincerely wish well for the believer, and separate yourself from the polytheist."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسَ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ قُرَّةَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الشِّخِّيرِ، قَالَ: بَيْنَا نَحْنُ بِالْمِرْبَدِ إِذْ أَتَى عَلَيْنَا أَعْرَابِيٌّ شَعِثُ الرَّأْسِ مَعَهُ قِطْعَةُ أَدِيمٍ أَوْ قِطْعَةُ جِرَابٍ، فَقُلْنَا: كَأَنَّ هَذَا لَيْسَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَلَدِ، فَقَالَ: أَجَلْ لَا، هَذَا كِتَابٌ كَتَبَهُ لِي رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ. فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ: هَاتِ، فَأَخَذْتُهُ فَقَرَأْتُهُ فَإِذَا فِيهِ: " بِسْمِ ⦗٢٣⦘ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، هَذَا كِتَابٌ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ النَّبِيِّ رَسُولِ اللهِ لِبَنِي زُهَيْرِ بْنِ أُقَيْشٍ، قَالَ أَبُو الْعَلَاءِ: وَهُمْ حِيُّ مِنْ عُكْلٍ، إِنَّكُمْ إِنْ شَهِدْتُمْ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، وَأَقَمْتُمُ الصَّلَاةَ، وَآتَيْتُمُ الزَّكَاةَ، وَفَارَقْتُمُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، وَأَعْطَيْتُمْ مِنَ الْغَنَائِمِ الْخُمُسَ، وَسَهْمَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَالصَّفِيَّ، وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ: وَصَفِيَّهُ، فَأَنْتُمْ آمِنُونَ بِأَمَانِ اللهِ وَأَمَانِ رَسُولِهِ ".
Yazid bin Abdullah bin al-Shikhkhir (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Once we were in the camel enclosure (al-Mirbad) when a Bedouin with dishevelled hair came to us, carrying a piece of hide or of leather. We said: It seems this man is not from our town. He said: Yes, I am not from your town; I have a letter which the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had written for me. The people said: Show it! So I took it from him and read it, and these words were written in it: "'Bismillah al-Rahman al-Rahim' (In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful). This letter is from Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), to Banu Zuhayr bin Uqaysh." Abu al-Ala (may Allah have mercy on him) said: They are a clan of the Ukl tribe. "If you bear witness to 'La ilaha illallah' (There is no god but Allah), establish the prayer, pay the zakah, separate yourselves from the polytheists, and pay one-fifth of the spoils of war, and the share of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and the safi (the portion chosen for him) - when you do this, you will be under the protection of Allah and the protection of His Messenger."
