السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: الإذن بالهجرة
Permission to emigrate
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: لَمَّا ضَاقَتْ عَلَيْنَا مَكَّةُ وَأُوذِيَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَفُتِنُوا وَرَأَوْا مَا يُصِيبُهُمْ مِنَ الْبَلَاءِ وَالْفِتْنَةِ فِي دِينِهِمْ، وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ دَفْعَ ذَلِكَ عَنْهُمْ، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي مَنَعَةٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ وَعَمِّهِ، لَا يَصِلُ إِلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ مِمَّا يَكْرَهُ مَا يَنَالُ أَصْحَابَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِنَّ بِأَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ مَلِكًا لَا يُظْلَمُ أَحَدٌ عِنْدَهُ فَالْحَقُوا بِبِلَادِهِ حَتَّى يَجْعَلَ اللهُ لَكُمْ فَرَجًا وَمَخْرَجًا مِمَّا أَنْتُمْ فِيهِ "، فَخَرَجْنَا إِلَيْهَا أَرْسَالًا حَتَّى اجْتَمَعْنَا وَنَزَلْنَا بِخَيْرِ دَارٍ إِلَى خَيْرِ جَارٍ أَمِنَّا عَلَى دِينِنَا، وَلَمْ نَخْشَ مِنْهُ ظُلْمًا. وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِطُولِهِ.
Umm al-Mu'minin Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: When Makkah became constricted for us, and the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) faced all kinds of hardships and afflictions, and they saw trials and persecution because of (practising) their religion, and (they saw) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was unable to ward this off from them, while the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) himself was under the protection of his people and his uncle, so that none of the harm that befell his companions reached him, he (peace and blessings be upon him) said to them: "In the land of Abyssinia there is a king with whom no one is wronged, so go to his country, until Allah Almighty makes some other way out for you (from what you are in)." Then we left gradually (in groups), until we all gathered in Abyssinia, and we were in a good home and with a good neighbour, and there was no fear of injustice or oppression there. Then she narrated the long hadith.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَارُ، ثنا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْأَسْفَاطِيُّ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ، ثنا دَاوُدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، أَنَّهُ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللهِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ حَدَّثَهُ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَبِثَ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ يَتْبَعُ الْحَاجَّ فِي مَنَازِلِهِمْ فِي الْمَوَاسِمِ بمَجَنَّةَ وَعُكَاظٍ وَمَنَازِلِهِمْ بِمِنًى؟ مَنْ يُؤْوِينِي وَيَنْصُرُنِي حَتَّى أُبَلِّغَ رِسَالِاتِ رَبِّي وَلَهُ الْجَنَّةُ؟ فَلَمْ يَجِدْ أَحَدًا يُؤْوِيهِ وَيَنْصُرُهُ، حَتَّى إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيُدْخِلُ صَاحِبَهُ مِنْ مِصْرَ وَالْيَمَنِ فَيَأْتِيهِ قَوْمُهُ أَوْ ذَوُو رَحِمِهِ، فَيَقُولُونَ: احْذَرْ فَتَى قُرَيْشٍ لَا يُصِيبُكَ، يَمْشِي بَيْنَ رِحَالِهِمْ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى اللهِ، يُشِيرُونَ إِلَيْهِ بِأَصَابِعِهِمْ حَتَّى يَبْعَثَ اللهُ مِنْ يَثْرِبَ فَيَأْتِيهِ الرَّجُلُ مِنَّا فَيُؤْمِنُ بِهِ، ويُقْرِئُهُ الْقُرْآنَ فَيَنْقَلِبُ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ فَيُسْلِمُونَ بِإِسْلَامِهِ حَتَّى لَمْ يَبْقَ دَارٌ مِنْ دُورِ يَثْرِبَ إِلَّا فِيهَا رَهْطٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يُظْهِرُونَ الْإِسْلَامَ، ثُمَّ يَبْعَثُ اللهُ فَائْتَمَرْنَا وَاجْتَمَعْنَا سَبْعِينَ رَجُلًا مِنَّا، فَقُلْنَا: حَتَّى مَتَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُطْرَدُ فِي جِبَالِ مَكَّةَ وَيَخَالُ، أَوْ قَالَ: وَيَخَافُ، فَرَحَلْنَا حَتَّى قَدِمْنَا عَلَيْهِ الْمَوْسِمَ فَوَعَدَنَا شِعْبَ الْعَقَبَةِ فَاجْتَمَعْنَا فِيهِ مِنْ رَجُلٍ وَرَجُلَيْنِ حَتَّى تَوَافَيْنَا فِيهِ عِنْدَهُ، فَقُلْنَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ عَلَامَ نُبَايِعُكَ؟، قَالَ: " تُبَايِعُونِي عَلَى السَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ فِي النَّشَاطِ وَالْكَسَلِ، وَعَلَى النَّفَقَةِ فِي الْعُسْرِ وَالْيُسْرِ، وَعَلَى الْأَمْرِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَالنَّهْيِ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ، وَأَنْ تَقُولُوا فِي اللهِ لَا يَأْخُذُكُمْ فِي اللهِ لَوْمَةُ لَائِمٍ، وَعَلَى أَنْ تَنْصُرُونِي إِنْ قَدِمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ يَثْرِبَ، وَتَمْنَعُونِي مِمَّا تَمْنَعُونَ مِنْهُ أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَأَزْوَاجَكُمْ وَأَبْنَاءَكُمْ وَلَكُمُ الْجَنَّةُ "، فَقُلْنَا: نُبَايِعُكَ، فَأَخَذَ بِيَدِهِ أَسْعَدُ بْنُ ⦗١٧⦘ زُرَارَةَ وَهُوَ أَصْغَرُ السَّبْعِينَ رَجُلًا إِلَّا أَنَا، فَقَالَ: رُوَيْدًا يَا أَهْلَ يَثْرِبَ، إِنَّا لَمْ نَضْرِبْ إِلَيْهِ أَكْبَادَ الْمَطِيِّ إِلَّا وَنَحْنُ نَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ، وَأَنَّ إِخْرَاجَهُ الْيَوْمَ مُفَارَقَةُ الْعَرَبِ كَافَّةً، وَقَتْلُ خِيَارِكُمْ، وَأَنْ تَعَضَّكُمُ السُّيُوفُ، وَأَمَّا أَنْتُمْ قَوْمٌ تَصْبِرُونَ عَلَى عَضِّ السُّيُوفِ وَقَتْلِ خِيَارِكُمْ وَمُفَارَقَةِ الْعَرَبِ كَافَّةً، فَخُذُوهُ وَأَجْرُكُمْ عَلَى اللهِ، وَأَمَّا أَنْتُمْ تَخَافُونَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ خِيفَةً فَذَرُوهُ فَهُوَ أَعْذَرُ لَكُمْ عِنْدَ اللهِ، فَقَالُوا: أَخِّرْ عَنَّا يَدَكَ يَا أَسْعَدُ بْنَ زُرَارَةَ، فَوَاللهِ لَا نَذَرُ هَذِهِ الْبَيْعَةَ وَلَا نَسْتَقِيلُهَا، فَقُمْنَا إِلَيْهِ رَجُلًا رَجُلًا يَأْخُذُ عَلَيْنَا شَرْطَهُ وَيُعْطِينَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ الْجَنَّةَ.
Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) stayed in Makkah for ten years. In the Hajj season he (peace and blessings be upon him) would follow the pilgrims to their lodgings at Majannah and Ukaz, and likewise he (peace and blessings be upon him) would go to their lodgings at Mina, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) would say: "Whoever gives me shelter and helps me so that I may convey the messages of Allah and deliver them to the people, for him is Paradise." But no one was willing to give him (peace and blessings be upon him) shelter or to help him, to the extent that when a man came from Mudar or Yemen, his people and his relatives would tell him: Beware of a young man of Quraysh and do not meet him. He goes to people's dwellings and calls them to the religion of Allah, and people point at him (peace and blessings be upon him) with their fingers. Until Allah Almighty chose us in Madinah: a man from among us would come to him (peace and blessings be upon him) and believe in him, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) would teach him the Qur'an. Then that man would return home, and because of his Islam his family would also accept Islam, until there was no house in Yathrib (Madinah) without a group of Muslims in it, and these people would spread Islam. Then Allah Almighty chose us for this task, and seventy of us gathered and consulted together, and said: How long will he (peace and blessings be upon him) be driven about in the mountains of Makkah, and how long will he (peace and blessings be upon him) spend a life of fear in these mountains? After that we set out and met him (peace and blessings be upon him) in the Hajj season, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) promised to meet us in the valley (shi'b) of al-Aqabah, so we entered it one by one and two by two until we were all gathered, and we said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! On what shall we pledge allegiance to you? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Pledge allegiance to me to hear and obey, in eagerness and in reluctance; to spend in prosperity and in hardship; to enjoin good and forbid evil; not to care about the blame of any blamer in calling to the religion of Allah or acting upon it; and that if I come to you in Yathrib you will help me and protect me from what you protect yourselves, your wives and your children from; then in that case Paradise is yours."
We said: We pledge allegiance to you, and we stood up to pledge. Sayyiduna As'ad bin Zurarah (may Allah be pleased with him), who was the youngest of those seventy men except for me, took hold of his (peace and blessings be upon him) hand and said: People of Yathrib! Wait a moment! We have come to him (peace and blessings be upon him) driving our camels hard (that is, after a long journey) with the certainty that he (peace and blessings be upon him) is the Messenger of Allah. Taking him away from here today means enmity with all the Arabs, the killing of your choicest leaders and the strike of swords. So if you can bear all this, then take him, and your reward is with Allah; but if your lives are dear to you, then leave him right now, for that will be a more acceptable excuse before Allah. The people said with one voice: O As'ad bin Zurarah! Take away your hand! By Allah! We will neither abandon this pledge nor break it. Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: We stood up one by one, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) took the pledge from us, and in return gave us the glad tidings of Paradise.
We said: We pledge allegiance to you, and we stood up to pledge. Sayyiduna As'ad bin Zurarah (may Allah be pleased with him), who was the youngest of those seventy men except for me, took hold of his (peace and blessings be upon him) hand and said: People of Yathrib! Wait a moment! We have come to him (peace and blessings be upon him) driving our camels hard (that is, after a long journey) with the certainty that he (peace and blessings be upon him) is the Messenger of Allah. Taking him away from here today means enmity with all the Arabs, the killing of your choicest leaders and the strike of swords. So if you can bear all this, then take him, and your reward is with Allah; but if your lives are dear to you, then leave him right now, for that will be a more acceptable excuse before Allah. The people said with one voice: O As'ad bin Zurarah! Take away your hand! By Allah! We will neither abandon this pledge nor break it. Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: We stood up one by one, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) took the pledge from us, and in return gave us the glad tidings of Paradise.
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُوسَى، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثنا جَرِيرٌ، عَنْ قَابُوسَ بْنِ أَبِي ظَبْيَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، قَالَ: " كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمَكَّةَ فَأُمِرَ بِالْهِجْرَةِ وَأُنْزِلَ عَلَيْهِ: {وَقُلْ رَبِّ أَدْخِلْنِي مُدْخَلَ صِدْقٍ وَأَخْرِجْنِي مُخْرَجَ صِدْقٍ وَاجْعَلْ لِي مِنْ لَدُنْكَ سُلْطَانًا نَصِيرًا} [الإسراء: ٨٠] ".
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was in Makkah; he (peace and blessings be upon him) was commanded to emigrate, and this verse was revealed to him (peace and blessings be upon him): "And pray thus: O my Lord! Wherever You take me, take me in well, and wherever You bring me out, bring me out well, and appoint for me from Yourself an authority and a helper" [Surah al-Isra': 80].
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ دَرَسْتَوَيْهِ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَبِي مَنِيعٍ، ثنا جَدِّي، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا، قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِمَكَّةَ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ: " قَدْ رَأَيْتُ دَارَ هِجْرَتِكُمْ، أُرِيتُ سَبْخَةً ذَاتَ نَخْلٍ بَيْنَ لَابَتَيْنِ وَهُمَا الْحَرَّتَانِ "، فَهَاجَرَ مَنْ هَاجَرَ قِبَلَ الْمَدِينَةِ حِينَ ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَرَجَعَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ بَعْضُ مَنْ كَانَ هَاجَرَ إِلَى أَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَتَجَهَّزَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ مُهَاجِرًا، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " عَلَى رِسْلِكَ فَإِنِّي أَرْجُو أَنْ يُؤْذَنَ لِي "، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: وَتَرْجُو ذَلِكَ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَأُمِّي، قَالَ: " نَعَمْ "، فَحَبَسَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ نَفْسَهُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِصَحَابَتِهِ، وَعَلَفَ رَاحِلَتَيْنِ عِنْدَهُ وَرَقَ السَّمُرِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ بِطُولِهِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَقِيلٍ وَيُونُسَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ.
Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to the Muslims: "I have been shown the place of your emigration: it is a land of date-palms lying between two lava tracts." After that people emigrated towards Madinah, and the emigrants to Abyssinia generally also came to Madinah. Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) also prepared his provisions for the journey to Madinah, but the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: "Wait a little, for I expect that I too will be given permission." Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: May my father and mother be ransomed for you (peace and blessings be upon him)! Do you hope for that? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Yes!" After that Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) stayed back so as to travel with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He had two she-camels, and he fed them well on acacia leaves for four months.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ هِشَامُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ الْبَاهِلِيُّ، وَأَبُو عُمَرَ حَفْصُ بْنُ عُمَرَ النَّمِرِيُّ، قَالَا: ثنا شُعْبَةُ، قَالَ: أنبأ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْبَرَاءَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ: كَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ قَدِمَ عَلَيْنَا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُصْعَبُ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ، وَابْنُ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ، وَكَانَا يُقْرِئَانِ الْقُرْآنَ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ عَمَّارُ بْنُ يَاسِرٍ وَبِلَالٌ وَسَعْدٌ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ ⦗١٨⦘ عَنْهُ فِي عِشْرِينَ وَبَيْنَهُمْ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَمَا رَأَيْتُ أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ فَرِحُوا بِشَيْءٍ قَطُّ فَرَحَهُمْ بِهِ، حَتَّى رَأَيْتُ الْوَلَائِدَ وَالصِّبْيَانَ يَسْعَوْنَ فِي الطَّرَائِقِ، يَقُولُونَ: جَاءَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، جَاءَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ: فَمَا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ حَتَّى قَرَأْتُ: {سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى} [الأعلى: ١] فِي سُوَرٍ مِثْلِهَا مِنَ الْمُفَصَّلِ ". رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ.
Sayyiduna al-Bara' bin Azib (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The first of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to come to us (that is, in Madinah) were Mus'ab bin Umayr and Ibn Umm Maktum (may Allah be pleased with them both). Both of them used to teach the Qur'an. Then Ammar bin Yasir, Bilal and Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with them) came. Then Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) came with twenty of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) arrived, and the people of Madinah rejoiced so much that I had never seen them so happy before, until I saw boys and children running through the streets of Madinah, calling out: "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has come." By the time he (peace and blessings be upon him) arrived in Madinah, I had recited "Glorify the name of your Lord, the Most High" [Surah al-A'la: 1] and Mufassal surahs like it.
