السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الأشربة والحد فيها
Book of Drinks and the Punishment for Them
باب: الضمان على البهائم
Liability for damage caused by animals
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ حَرَامِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُحَيِّصَةَ، أَنَّ نَاقَةً لِلْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ دَخَلَتْ حَائِطًا لِقَوْمٍ فَأَفْسَدَتْ فِيهِ، فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْأَمْوَالِ حِفْظُهَا بِالنَّهَارِ، وَمَا أَفْسَدَتِ الْمَوَاشِي بِاللَّيْلِ فَهُوَ ضَامِنٌ عَلَى أَهْلِهَا.
Haram bin Sa'd bin Muhayyisah (may Allah have mercy on him) says that a she-camel of Sayyiduna al-Bara' bin Azib (may Allah be pleased with him) entered the orchard of some people and damaged it. He (peace and blessings be upon him) gave judgement concerning it that "the owners of property must guard their property themselves (by day); if an animal damages crops at night, the owner of the animal is liable."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ السُّوسِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَوْفٍ، ثنا أَبُو الْمُغِيرَةِ، ثنا الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ حَرَامِ بْنِ مُحَيِّصَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّ الْبَرَاءَ بْنَ عَازِبٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ نَاقَةٌ ضَارِيَةٌ فَدَخَلَتْ حَائِطًا فَأَفْسَدَتْ فِيهِ، فَكُلِّمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَضَى أَنَّ حِفْظَ الْحَوَائِطِ بِالنَّهَارِ عَلَى أَهْلِهَا، وَأَنَّ حِفْظَ الْمَاشِيَةِ بِاللَّيْلِ عَلَى أَهْلِهَا، وَأَنَّ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْمَاشِيَةِ مَا أَفْسَدَتْ مَاشِيَتُهُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ ".
Haram bin Muhayyisah al-Ansari narrates that al-Bara' bin Azib had a she-camel that was given to straying into crops. It entered an orchard and damaged it. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was spoken to about it, and he ruled that guarding orchards by day is the responsibility of their owners, that guarding livestock at night is the responsibility of their owners, and that the owners of livestock are liable for whatever their livestock damage at night.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ أَيُّوبُ بْنُ سُوَيْدٍ، ثنا الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ حَرَامِ بْنِ مُحَيِّصَةَ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ، أَنَّ نَاقَةً، لِلْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ دَخَلَتْ حَائِطَ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَأَفْسَدَتْ فِيهِ، فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْحَوَائِطِ حِفْظُهَا بِالنَّهَارِ، وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْمَاشِيَةِ مَا أَفْسَدَتْ مَاشِيَتُهُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ ⦗٥٩٣⦘.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna al-Bara' bin Azib (may Allah be pleased with him) that a she-camel belonging to al-Bara' bin Azib entered the orchard of a man of the Ansar and damaged it. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled that the owners of orchards must guard them by day, and that the owners of livestock are liable for whatever their livestock damage at night.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، ثنا الْفِرْيَابِيُّ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ حَرَامِ بْنِ مُحَيِّصَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ، قَالَ: كَانَتْ لَهُ نَاقَةٌ ضَارِيَةٌ، فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَ حَدِيثِ أَبِي الْمُغِيرَةِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ، وَلَمْ يَقُلْهُ أَبُو الْمُغِيرَةِ.
This has passed before.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ، ثنا الرَّمَادِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُ، قَالُوا: ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُصْعَبٍ، ثنا الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ حَرَامِ بْنِ مُحَيِّصَةَ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَتْ لَهُ نَاقَةٌ ضَارِيَةٌ فَأَفْسَدَتْ، فَذَكَرَهُ فَقَدْ تَابَعَهُ أَيُّوبُ بْنُ سُوَيْدٍ عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، فِي قَوْلِهِ عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ.
This has passed before.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، وَأَبُو صَادِقِ بْنُ أَبِي الْفَوَارِسِ، قَالُوا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، ثنا مُعَاوِيَةُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عِيسَى، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ حَرَامِ بْنِ مُحَيِّصَةَ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ، أَنَّ نَاقَةً، لِآلِ الْبَرَاءِ أَفْسَدَتْ شَيْئًا، فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " أَنَّ حِفْظَ الثِّمَارِ عَلَى أَهْلِهَا بِالنَّهَارِ، وَضَمَّنَ أَهْلَ الْمَاشِيَةِ مَا أَفْسَدَتْ مَاشِيَتُهُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ ".
It is narrated from Sayyiduna al-Bara' (may Allah be pleased with him) that a she-camel belonging to the family of al-Bara' damaged something. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled "that guarding fruit is the responsibility of its owners by day, and he held the owners of livestock liable for whatever their livestock damage at night."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ، ثنا حَاجِبُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، ثنا مُؤَمَّلٌ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ، وَقَالَ: عَنْ حَرَامٍ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ، أَنَّ نَاقَةً، لَهُمْ.
This has passed before.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ حَرَامِ بْنِ مُحَيِّصَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ " أَنَّ نَاقَةً لِلْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ دَخَلَتْ حَائِطَ رَجُلٍ فَأَفْسَدَتْ، فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْأَمْوَالِ حِفْظُهَا بِالنَّهَارِ، وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْمَوَاشِي حِفْظُهَا بِاللَّيْلِ وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، وَخَالَفَهُ وُهَيْبٌ وَأَبُو مَسْعُودٍ الزَّجَّاجُ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، فَلَمْ يَقُولَا: عَنْ أَبِيهِ.
Haram bin Muhayyisah narrates from his father "that a she-camel of al-Bara' bin Azib entered a man's orchard and damaged it. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled that the owners of property must guard it by day, and the owners of livestock must guard them at night."
A group narrated it likewise from Abd al-Razzaq, but Wuhayb and Abu Mas'ud al-Zajjaj differed from him, narrating from Ma'mar without saying 'from his father'.
A group narrated it likewise from Abd al-Razzaq, but Wuhayb and Abu Mas'ud al-Zajjaj differed from him, narrating from Ma'mar without saying 'from his father'.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، أنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ خَمِيرَوَيْهِ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَحَرَامِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُحَيِّصَةَ، أَنَّ نَاقَةً لِلْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ دَخَلَتْ حَائِطًا لِقَوْمٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَأَفْسَدَتْ، فَاخْتَصَمُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَضَى " أَنَّ حِفْظَ الْحَوَائِطِ عَلَى أَهْلِهَا بِالنَّهَارِ، وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْمَوَاشِي مَا أَفْسَدَتِ الْمَوَاشِي بِاللَّيْلِ " وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَضْمَنُ مَا أَفْسَدَتِ الْغَنَمُ بِاللَّيْلِ، وَلَا يَضْمَنُ مَا أَفْسَدَتْ بِالنَّهَارِ، وَيَتَأَوَّلُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: {وَدَاوُدَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ إِذْ يَحْكُمَانِ فِي الْحَرْثِ إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ}، وَكَانَ يَقُولُ: النَّفْشُ بِاللَّيْلِ.
Sa'id bin al-Musayyab and Haram bin Sa'd bin Muhayyisah narrate that a she-camel of al-Bara' bin Azib entered an orchard of some people of the Ansar and damaged it. They brought their dispute to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he ruled "that guarding orchards is the responsibility of their owners by day, and the owners of livestock are liable for whatever the livestock damage at night."
It has been narrated to us from al-Sha'bi, from Shurayh, that he used to hold people liable for what sheep damaged at night but not for what they damaged by day, and he interpreted this verse accordingly: "And (mention) David and Solomon, when they judged concerning the field, when the people's sheep strayed into it (by night)" [al-Anbiya: 78]; and he used to say: nafsh (straying) is at night.
It has been narrated to us from al-Sha'bi, from Shurayh, that he used to hold people liable for what sheep damaged at night but not for what they damaged by day, and he interpreted this verse accordingly: "And (mention) David and Solomon, when they judged concerning the field, when the people's sheep strayed into it (by night)" [al-Anbiya: 78]; and he used to say: nafsh (straying) is at night.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أنبأ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرَّفَّاءُ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ، ثنا أَزْهَرُ، ثنا ابْنُ عَوْنٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ: {إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ} [الأنبياء: ٧٨]، قَالَ: كَانَ النَّفْشُ بِاللَّيْلِ.
Al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates that Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him), concerning the verse: "when the people's sheep strayed into it" [al-Anbiya: 78], said: Nafsh (straying) was at night.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أنبأ أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ النَّضْرَوِيُّ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، قَالَ: أُتِيَ شُرَيْحٌ بِشَاةٍ أَكَلَتْ عَجِينًا، فَقَالَ: نَهَارًا أَوْ لَيْلًا؟ قَالُوا: نَهَارًا، فَأَبْطَلَهُ وَقَرَأَ: {إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ} [الأنبياء: ٧٨]، وَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا النَّفْشُ بِاللَّيْلِ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ قَتَادَةَ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ: أَنَّ شُرَيْحًا رُفِعَتْ إِلَيْهِ شَاةٌ أَصَابَتْ غَزْلًا، فَقَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ: أَبْصِرُوهُ، فَإِنَّهُ سَيَسْأَلُهُمْ: أَبِلَيْلٍ كَانَ أَمْ بِنَهَارٍ؟ فَسَأَلَهُمْ فَقَالَ: إِنْ كَانَ بِلَيْلٍ فَقَدْ ضَمَنْتُمْ، وَإِنْ كَانَ بِنَهَارٍ فَلَا ضَمَانَ عَلَيْكُمْ، قَالَ: وَقَالَ: النَّفْشُ بِاللَّيْلِ، وَالْهَمَلُ بِالنَّهَارِ وَرَوَى مُرَّةُ عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ: {إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ} [الأنبياء: ٧٨]، قَالَ: كَانَ كَرْمًا فَدَخَلَتْ فِيهِ لَيْلًا، فَمَا تَرَكَتْ فِيهِ خَضِرًا.
Al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) says that a sheep which had eaten some dough was brought to Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him). He asked: "By day or by night?" They said: "By day." So he declared it of no account and recited: "when the people's sheep strayed into it" [al-Anbiya: 78], and said: Nafsh (straying) is only at night.
In the narration of Qatadah from al-Sha'bi: A sheep that had damaged some spun yarn was brought to Shurayh. Al-Sha'bi said: "Watch him; he will ask them whether it was by night or by day." He asked them and said: "If it was by night, you are liable; if it was by day, there is no liability upon you." He also said: Nafsh is at night, and haml (roaming unattended) is by day.
Murrah narrated from Masruq concerning "when the people's sheep strayed into it" [al-Anbiya: 78]: It was a vineyard; they entered it at night and left nothing green in it.
In the narration of Qatadah from al-Sha'bi: A sheep that had damaged some spun yarn was brought to Shurayh. Al-Sha'bi said: "Watch him; he will ask them whether it was by night or by day." He asked them and said: "If it was by night, you are liable; if it was by day, there is no liability upon you." He also said: Nafsh is at night, and haml (roaming unattended) is by day.
Murrah narrated from Masruq concerning "when the people's sheep strayed into it" [al-Anbiya: 78]: It was a vineyard; they entered it at night and left nothing green in it.
