السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الحدود
Book of Legal Punishments
باب: من زنى بامرأة مستكرهة
One who commits zina with a woman by force
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قَدْ مَضَتِ الرِّوَايَةُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِنَّ اللهَ تَجَاوَزَ لِي عَنْ أُمَّتِي الْخَطَأَ وَالنِّسْيَانَ وَمَا اسْتُكْرِهُوَا عَلَيْهِ ".
It has already passed, through Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), that (he (peace and blessings be upon him) said): "Indeed, Allah Almighty, for my sake, has pardoned my Ummah (from being taken to account for) mistakes, forgetfulness and whatever they are forced to do."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، ثنا الْأَسْفَاطِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثنا مَعْمَرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ حَجَّاجٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: اسْتُكْرِهَتِ امْرَأَةٌ عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " فَدَرَأَ عَنْهَا الْحَدَّ " زَادَ غَيْرُهُ فِيهِ: وَأَقَامَهُ عَلَى الَّذِي أَصَابَهَا، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ أَنَّهُ جَعَلَ لَهُ مَهْرًا وَفِي هَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ ضَعْفٌ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ: أَحَدُهُمَا أَنَّ الْحَجَّاجَ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، وَالْآخَرُ أَنَّ عَبْدَ الْجَبَّارِ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ.
Sayyiduna Wa'il (may Allah be pleased with him) says that in the time of the Prophet a woman was forced (into adultery), so he (peace and blessings be upon him) waived the hadd punishment from her and applied the hadd to the one who had forced her.
This chain is weak in two respects: first, al-Hajjaj did not hear from Abd al-Jabbar; second, Abd al-Jabbar did not hear from his father. Al-Bukhari and others said this.
This chain is weak in two respects: first, al-Hajjaj did not hear from Abd al-Jabbar; second, Abd al-Jabbar did not hear from his father. Al-Bukhari and others said this.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَازِمٍ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، قَالَا: أنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ خَمِيرَوَيْهِ الْكَرَابِيسِيُّ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ كُلَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، قَالَ: " أُتِيَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بِامْرَأَةٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ، قَالُوا: بَغَتْ، قَالَتْ: إِنِّي كُنْتُ نَائِمَةً، فَلَمْ أَسْتَيْقِظْ إِلَّا بِرَجُلٍ رَمَى فِيَّ مِثْلَ الشِّهَابِ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: يَمَانِيَةٌ نَؤُومَةٌ شَابَّةٌ فَخَلَّى عَنْهَا وَمَتَّعَهَا ".
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) that a Yemeni woman was brought to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him). They said: She is an adulteress. She said: I was asleep; when I woke up, a man had done this deed with me with the swiftness of a shooting flame. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Yemeni women are very heavy sleepers. (So) he let her go and also gave her some provision.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ، ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أنبأ شُعْبَةُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ، عَنِ النَّزَّالِ بْنِ سَبْرَةَ، قَالَ: إِنَّا لَبِمَكَّةَ إِذْ نَحْنُ بِامْرَأَةٍ اجْتَمَعَ عَلَيْهَا النَّاسُ حَتَّى كَادَ أَنْ يَقْتُلُوهَا، وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ: زَنَتْ زَنَتْ، فَأَتَى بِهَا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَهِيَ حُبْلَى، وَجَاءَ مَعَهَا قَوْمُهَا، فَأَثْنَوْا عَلَيْهَا بِخَيْرٍ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: أَخْبِرِينِي عَنْ أَمْرِكِ، قَالَتْ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كُنْتُ امْرَأَةً أُصِيبُ مِنْ هَذَا اللَّيْلِ، فَصَلَّيْتُ ذَاتَ لَيْلَةٍ ثُمَّ نِمْتُ، وَقُمْتُ وَرَجُلٌ بَيْنَ رِجْلِيَّ، فَقَذَفَ فِيَّ مِثْلَ الشِّهَابِ ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: لَوْ قَتَلَ هَذِهِ مَنْ بَيْنَ الْجَبَلَيْنِ، أَوْ قَالَ: الْأَخْشَبَيْنِ شَكَّ أَبُو خَالِدٍ لَعَذَّبَهُمُ اللهُ، فَخَلَّى سَبِيلَهَا وَكَتَبَ إِلَى الْآفَاقِ: أَنْ لَا تَقْتُلُوا أَحَدًا إِلَّا بِإِذْنِي.
Nazzal bin Sabrah (may Allah have mercy on him) says: We were in Makkah when people gathered around a woman, and they were close to killing her, saying that she had committed adultery. She was brought to Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and her people came along with her and spoke well of her. Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Tell me about your case. She said: O Commander of the Believers! I prayed at night and went to sleep, and when I woke up a man was between my legs; he did this to me with lightning swiftness and then ran off. Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Had she been killed between these two mountains, Allah would have punished them. He let her go and wrote to all his governors: Do not kill anyone without my permission.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُزَكِّي، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، " أَنَّ عَبْدًا، كَانَ يَقُومُ عَلَى رَقِيقِ الْخُمُسِ، وَأَنَّهُ اسْتَكْرَهَ جَارِيَةً مِنْ ذَلِكَ الرَّقِيقِ فَوَقَعَ بِهَا، فَجَلَدَهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ وَنَفَاهُ، وَلَمْ يَجْلِدِ الْوَلِيدَةَ لِأَنَّهُ اسْتَكْرَهَهَا " ⦗٤١١⦘ وَرَوَاهُ اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ.
Nafi' (may Allah have mercy on him) says that a slave who was from the khumus forced himself upon a slave girl who was from the same khumus, so Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) flogged him and banished him, and did not punish the slave girl at all.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ زَيْدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَلَوِيُّ بِالْكُوفَةِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي بِنَيْسَابُورَ، قَالَا: أنبأ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ دُحَيْمٍ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْعَبْسِيُّ، أنبأ وَكِيعٌ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيِّ، قَالَ: " أُتِيَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بِامْرَأَةٍ جَهَدَهَا الْعَطَشُ، فَمَرَّتْ عَلَى رَاعٍ فَاسْتَسْقَتْ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَسْقِيَهَا إِلَّا أَنْ تُمَكِّنَهُ مِنْ نَفْسِهَا، فَفَعَلَتْ، فَشَاوَرَ النَّاسَ فِي رَجْمِهَا، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: هَذِهِ مُضْطَرَّةٌ، أَرَى أَنْ نُخْلِيَ سَبِيلَهَا، فَفَعَلَ ".
Abu Abd al-Rahman al-Sulami says that a woman was brought to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) who had been distressed by thirst. She went to a shepherd and asked for water, but the shepherd refused and said: I will give it if you let me have intercourse with you; and she agreed. The people advised that she be stoned, but Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: She was compelled; let her go. So she was let go.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، " أَنَّ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ بْنَ مَرْوَانَ، قَضَى فِي امْرَأَةٍ أُصِيبَتْ مُسْتَكْرَهَةً بِصَدَاقِهَا عَلَى مَنْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ بِهَا " وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: عَلَيْهِ الْحَدُّ وَالصَّدَاقُ وَعَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: عَلَيْهِ الْحَدُّ وَالْعُقْرُ وَعَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ: عَلَيْهِ الصَّدَاقُ وَالْحَدُّ.
Abd al-Malik bin Marwan (may Allah have mercy on him) ruled, concerning a woman who had been taken by force, that her dowry was due from the man who had done this to her.
Ata' and al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on them both) say: The hadd punishment and the dowry are due from him. And al-Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him) says: The hadd punishment and the 'uqr (compensation for violated chastity).
Ata' and al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on them both) say: The hadd punishment and the dowry are due from him. And al-Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him) says: The hadd punishment and the 'uqr (compensation for violated chastity).
