السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قتال أهل البغي
Book of Fighting the Rebels
باب: القوم يظهرون رأي الخوارج لم يحل به قتالهم
A people who profess the views of the Khawarij may not be fought for that
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قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ عَلِيًّا رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، بَيْنَمَا هُوَ يَخْطُبُ إِذْ سَمِعَ تَحْكِيمًا مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ الْمَسْجِدِ: لَا حُكْمَ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ، فَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: لَا حُكْمَ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ، كَلِمَةُ حَقٍّ أُرِيدَ بِهَا بَاطِلٌ، لَكُمْ عَلَيْنَا ثَلَاثٌ: لَا نَمْنَعُكُمْ مَسَاجِدَ اللهِ أَنْ تَذْكُرُوا فِيهَا ⦗319⦘ اسْمَ اللهِ، وَلَا نَمْنَعُكُمُ الْفَيْءَ مَا كَانَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ مَعَ أَيْدِينَا، وَلَا نَبْدَؤُكُمْ بِقِتَالٍ.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "It has reached us that Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) was once delivering a sermon when, in the course of it, he heard the slogan of tahkim (arbitration) from one corner of the mosque: 'There is no judgment except Allah's.'"
Then Sayyiduna Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "There is no judgment except Allah's. (This is) a word of truth by which falsehood is intended. You have three rights over us: we will not bar you from the mosques of Allah, that you may remember the name of Allah in them; we will not deprive you of the fay' (state revenue) as long as your hands are with our hands; and we will not be the first to fight you."
Then Sayyiduna Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "There is no judgment except Allah's. (This is) a word of truth by which falsehood is intended. You have three rights over us: we will not bar you from the mosques of Allah, that you may remember the name of Allah in them; we will not deprive you of the fay' (state revenue) as long as your hands are with our hands; and we will not be the first to fight you."
أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، إِجَازَةً، أَنْبَأَ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، ثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنِ الْأَجْلَحِ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ كَثِيرِ بْنِ نَمِرٍ، قَالَ: بَيْنَا أَنَا فِي الْجُمُعَةِ، وَعَلِيُّ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، إِذْ قَامَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: لَا حُكْمَ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ، ثُمَّ قَامَ آخَرُ فَقَالَ: لَا حُكْمَ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ، ثُمَّ قَامُوا مِنْ نَوَاحِي الْمَسْجِدِ، فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِمْ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بِيَدِهِ اجْلِسُوا: نَعَمْ، لَا حُكْمَ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ، كَلِمَةٌ يُبْتَغَى بِهَا بَاطِلٌ، حُكْمُ اللهِ نَنْظُرُ فِيكُمْ، أَلَا إِنَّ لَكُمْ عِنْدِي ثَلَاثَ خِصَالٍ: مَا كُنْتُمْ مَعَنَا لَا نَمْنَعُكُمْ مَسَاجِدَ اللهِ أَنْ تَذْكُرُوا فِيهَا اسْمَ اللهِ، وَلَا نَمْنَعُكُمْ فَيْئًا مَا كَانَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ مَعَ أَيْدِينَا، وَلَا نُقَاتِلُكُمْ حَتَّى تُقَاتِلُوا، ثُمَّ أَخَذَ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ وَرُوِي بَعْضُ مَعْنَاهُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ.
Kathir bin Namir said: Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) was delivering a sermon when a man stood up and said: "There is no judgment except Allah's." Then another stood up, and many people stood up from the corners of the mosque, all of them saying the same. So Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Sit down. "There is no judgment except Allah's" is a word of truth by which falsehood is intended.
The rest is as in the narration of Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) above.
The rest is as in the narration of Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) above.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، ثَنَا عَفَّانُ، ثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ، قَالَ: سَمِعَ عَلِيُّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَوْمًا يَقُولُونَ: لَا حُكْمَ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ، قَالَ: نَعَمْ، لَا حُكْمَ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ، وَلَكِنْ لَا بُدَّ لِلنَّاسِ مِنْ أَمِيرٍ، بَرٍّ أَوْ فَاجِرٍ، يَعْمَلُ فِيهِ الْمُؤْمِنُ، وَيَسْتَمْتِعُ فِيهِ الْكَافِرُ، وَيُبَلِّغُ اللهُ فِيهَا الْأَجَلَ.
Asim bin Damrah said: Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) heard some people saying: "Judgment belongs to Allah alone." He said: Yes, that is so, but people must have a ruler, whether righteous or wicked, under whom the believer does his deeds and the disbeliever takes his enjoyment, and under whom Allah brings about His decree.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، بِبَغْدَادَ، أَنْبَأَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنِي حَرْمَلَةُ، أَنْبَأَ ابْنُ وَهْبٍٍ، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ عَقِيلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّ الْوَلِيدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ: مَا تَقُولُ فِيمَنْ يَسُبُّ الْخُلَفَاءَ، أَتَرَى أَنْ يُقْتَلَ؟ قَالَ: فَسَكَتُّ فَانْتَهَرَنِي وَقَالَ: مَا لَكَ لَا تَكَلَّمُ؟ فَسَكَتُّ، فَعَادَ لِمِثْلِهَا، فَقُلْتُ: أَقَتَلَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؟ قَالَ: لَا، وَلَكِنَّهُ سَبَّ الْخُلَفَاءَ، قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: فَإِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ يُنْكَلَ فِيمَا انْتَهَكَ مِنْ حُرْمَةِ الْخُلَفَاءِ.
Umar bin Abd al-Aziz (may Allah have mercy on him) said that al-Walid bin Abd al-Malik sent for him (and asked): Should someone who reviles the caliphs be killed? I remained silent. He asked again, and again I remained silent. Then he asked: Why do you not speak? So I asked: O Commander of the Faithful, has he killed (anyone)? He said: No, he reviled (them). I said: Then let him be given an exemplary punishment for the sanctity of the caliphs that he has violated.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، ثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍِ، ثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي خَالِدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ الْمَهْرِيُّ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، مَوْلَى غُفْرَةَ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ الْحَمِيدِ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، كَانَ عَلَى الْكُوفَةِ فِي عَهْدِ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَى عُمَرَ: إِنِّي وَجَدْتُ رَجُلًا بِالْكُنَاسَةِ، سُوقٌ مِنْ أَسْوَاقِ الْكُوفَةِ، يَسُبُّكَ، وَقَدْ قَامَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْبَيِّنَةُ، فَهَمَمْتُ بِقَتْلِهِ، أَوْ بِقَطْعِ يَدِهِ أَوْ لِسَانِهِ أَوْ جَلْدِهِ، ثُمَّ بَدَا لِي أَنْ أُرَاجِعَكَ فِيهِ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ عُمَرُ بْنُ ⦗٣٢٠⦘ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ: سَلَّامٌ عَلَيْكَ، أَمَّا بَعْدُ، وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَوْ قَتَلْتَهُ لَقَتَلْتُكَ بِهِ، وَلَوْ قَطَعْتَهُ لَقَطَعْتُكَ بِهِ، وَلَوْ جَلَدْتَهُ لَأَقَدْتُهُ مِنْكَ، فَإِذَا جَاءَ كِتَابِي هَذَا فَاخْرُجْ بِهِ إِلَى الْكُنَاسَةِ، فَسُبَّ الَّذِي سَبَّنِي، أَوِ اعْفُ عَنْهُ، فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ، فَإِنَّه لَا يَحِلُّ قَتْلُ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ بِسَبِّ أَحَدٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ، إِلَّا رَجُلٌ سَبَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَمَنْ سَبَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَدْ حَلَّ دَمُهُ.
Abd al-Hamid bin Abd al-Rahman bin Zayd bin al-Khattab (may Allah have mercy on him) was governor of Kufah in the time of Umar bin Abd al-Aziz (may Allah have mercy on him). He wrote to Umar bin Abd al-Aziz (may Allah have mercy on him): A man was reviling you in a market of Kufah called al-Kunasah, and the charge was proven against him, so I thought either to kill him, or cut out his tongue, or flog him, but then I thought I should refer the matter to you. He wrote in reply: "Had you killed him, or cut out his tongue, or flogged him, I would have given you the same punishment. So go to al-Kunasah and revile him in return, or forgive him, and that is what I love more. No one's blood becomes lawful because he reviled one of the Muslims; but whoever reviles the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), his blood is lawful."
