السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب القسامة
Book of Qasamah
باب: المسلمين يقتلون مسلما خطأ في قتال المشركين في غير دار الحرب، أو مريدين له بعينه يحسبونه من العدو
Muslims who kill a Muslim by mistake while fighting the polytheists outside the land of war, or aiming at him specifically thinking he is from the enemy
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَدِيبُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، ثنا الْفِرْيَابِيُّ، ثنا مِنْجَابُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُسْهِرٍ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا، قَالَتْ: هُزِمَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ هَزِيمَةً تُعْرَفُ فِيهِمْ، فَصَرَخَ إِبْلِيسُ: أَيْ عِبَادَ اللهِ أُخْرَاكُمْ، فَرَجَعَتْ أُولَاهُمْ فَاجْتَلَدَتْ هِيَ وَأُخْرَاهُمْ، فَنَظَرَ حُذَيْفَةُ بْنُ الْيَمَانِ فَإِذَا هُوَ بِأَبِيهِ، فَقَالَ: أَبِي أَبِي فَواللهِ مَا انْحَجَزُوا عَنْهُ حَتَّى قَتَلُوهُ، فَقَالَ حُذَيْفَةُ: غَفَرَ اللهُ لَكُمْ قَالَ عُرْوَةُ: فَوَاللهِ مَا زَالَتْ فِي حُذَيْفَةَ بَقِيَّةُ خَيْرٍ حَتَّى لَقِيَ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ فَرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُسْهِرٍ،.
Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: On the day of Uhud the polytheists were defeated, and Iblis cried out: "O servants of Allah, look behind you!" The Muslims did not understand, and they turned back and began striking one another. Sayyiduna Hudhayfah bin al-Yaman (may Allah be pleased with him) saw his father and began to cry out: "My father! My father!" But by Allah, they did not stop until they had killed him. Sayyiduna Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "May Allah forgive you." Urwah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Some good always remained in Sayyiduna Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) until he met Allah Almighty.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَتَّابٍ، ثنا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، ثنا ابْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، قَالَ: الْيَمَانُ أَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ، وَاسْمُهُ حُسَيْلُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ حَلِيفٌ لَهُمْ مِنْ بَنِي عَبْسٍ، أَصَابَهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ زَعَمُوا فِي الْمَعْرَكَةِ لَا يَدْرُونَ مَنْ أَصَابَهُ، فَتَصَدَّقَ حُذَيْفَةُ بِدَمِهِ عَلَى مَنْ أَصَابَهُ قَالَ مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ: قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: قَالَ عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ: أَخْطَأَ بِهِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ يَوْمَئِذٍ فَتَوَشَّقُوهُ بِأَسْيَافِهِمْ يَحْسَبُونَهُ مِنَ الْعَدُوِّ، وَإِنَّ حُذَيْفَةَ لَيَقُولُ: أَبِي أَبِي، فَلَمْ يَفْقَهُوا قَوْلَهُ حَتَّى فَرَغُوا مِنْهُ، قَالَ حُذَيْفَةُ: يَغْفِرُ اللهُ لَكُمْ، وَهُوَ أَرْحَمُ الرَّاحِمِينَ، قَالَ: فَوَدَاهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَزَادَتْ حُذَيْفَةَ عِنْدَهُ خَيْرًا.
Musa bin Uqbah said: Al-Yaman was the father of Sayyiduna Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him); his name was Husayl bin Jubayr, and he was an ally of theirs from Banu Abs. He was martyred at the hands of the Muslims in the battle, and it was not known who had martyred him, so Sayyiduna Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) forgave his blood.
Musa bin Uqbah said: Urwah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The Muslims made a mistake that day, and their swords fell upon him, thinking him to be of the enemy. Sayyiduna Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) cried out: "My father! My father!" But no one heeded him, and they martyred him. He said: "May Allah forgive you, and He is the Most Merciful of those who show mercy" [Surah Yusuf: 92]. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) paid his blood money, and this increased Hudhayfah in good standing with him.
Musa bin Uqbah said: Urwah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The Muslims made a mistake that day, and their swords fell upon him, thinking him to be of the enemy. Sayyiduna Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) cried out: "My father! My father!" But no one heeded him, and they martyred him. He said: "May Allah forgive you, and He is the Most Merciful of those who show mercy" [Surah Yusuf: 92]. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) paid his blood money, and this increased Hudhayfah in good standing with him.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ مُطَرِّفٌ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، قَالَ: كَانَ أَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ الْيَمَانِ شَيْخًا كَبِيرًا، فَرُفِعَ فِي الْآطَامِ مَعَ النِّسَاءِ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، فَخَرَجَ يَتَعَرَّضُ الشَّهَادَةَ، فَجَاءَ مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَابْتَدَرَهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ ⦗٢٢٨⦘ فَتَوَشَّقُوهُ بِأَسْيَافِهِمْ، وَحُذَيْفَةُ يَقُولُ: أَبِي أَبِي، فَلَا يَسْمَعُونَهُ مِنْ شُغْلِ الْحَرْبِ حَتَّى قَتَلُوهُ، فَقَالَ حُذَيْفَةُ: يَغْفِرُ اللهُ لَكُمْ، وَهُوَ أَرْحَمُ الرَّاحِمِينَ، فَقَضَى النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيهِ بِدِيَةٍ.
Urwah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Abu Hudhayfah bin al-Yaman (the father of Hudhayfah) was a very old man, and on the day of Uhud he was lifted up into the fortresses along with the women. He went out seeking martyrdom and came from the direction of the polytheists, so the Muslims rushed at him and their swords fell upon him, while Hudhayfah was saying: "My father! My father!" But they did not hear him because of the preoccupation of battle, until they killed him. Hudhayfah said: "May Allah forgive you, and He is the Most Merciful of those who show mercy." So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled that blood money be paid for him.
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي عَاصِمُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ لَبِيدٍ، قَالَ: وَأَمَّا أَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ فَاخْتَلَفَ عَلَيْهِ أَسْيَافُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَقَتَلُوهُ وَلَا يَعْرِفُونَهُ، فَقَالَ حُذَيْفَةُ: أَبِي أَبِي، فَقَالُوا: وَاللهِ إِنْ عَرَفْنَاهُ وَصَدَقُوا، فَقَالَ حُذَيْفَةُ: يَغْفِرُ اللهُ لَكُمْ، وَهُوَ أَرْحَمُ الرَّاحِمِينَ، فَأَرَادَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: أَنْ يَدِيَهُ فَتَصَدَّقَ بِهِ حُذَيْفَةُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَزَادَهُ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ.
Sayyiduna Mahmud bin Labid (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The swords of the Muslims came upon Sayyiduna Abu Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) from different sides, and he was martyred at the hands of the Muslims themselves, while they did not recognise him. Sayyiduna Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) kept crying out: "My father! My father!" They said: "By Allah, we did not recognise him," and they spoke the truth. Sayyiduna Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "May Allah forgive you, and He is the Most Merciful of those who show mercy." Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) wished to pay his blood money from himself, but Sayyiduna Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) gave it as charity to the Muslims, and that raised him further in the sight of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).
