السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الجنايات
Book of Crimes
الروايات فيه عن عثمان رضي الله عنه
The reports on this from Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him)
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، قَالَا: أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْفَارِسِيُّ، ثنا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أنبأ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، ⦗٦١⦘ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا، مُسْلِمًا قَتَلَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ عَمْدًا، وَرُفِعَ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَلَمْ يقْتُلْهُ وَغَلَّظَ عَلَيْهِ الدِّيَةَ مِثْلَ دِيَةِ الْمُسْلِمِ.
It is narrated from Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that a Muslim deliberately killed a dhimmi, and the case came before Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him). He did not have him killed; rather, he imposed upon him blood money like the blood money of a Muslim.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ، ثنا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ صَفْوَانَ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، ثنا زَحْمَوَيْهِ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، ثنا ابْنُ شِهَابٍ، قَالَ: كَانَ عُثْمَانُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ وَمُعَاوِيَةُ، لَا يُقِيدَانِ الْمُشْرِكَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِ. الْأَوَّلُ مَوْصُولٌ، وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ.
Ibn Shihab (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sayyiduna Uthman and Sayyiduna Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with them both) did not kill a believer in return for a polytheist.
The first (narration) is connected (mawsul), and this one is munqati' (has a broken chain).
The first (narration) is connected (mawsul), and this one is munqati' (has a broken chain).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، أنبأ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّ ابْنَ شَاسٍ الْجُذَامِيَّ، قَتَلَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَنْبَاطِ الشَّامِ، فَرُفِعَ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَأَمَرَ بِقَتْلِهِ، فَكَلَّمَهُ الزُّبَيْرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ وَنَاسٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمْ، فَنَهَوْهُ عَنْ قَتْلِهِ. قَالَ: فَجَعَلَ دِيَتَهُ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " قُلْتُ: هَذَا مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَنْ يجْهَلُ، فَإِنْ كَانَ غَيْرَ ثَابِتٍ فَدَعِ الِاحْتِجَاجَ بِهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا فَقَدْ زَعَمْتَ أَنَّهُ أَرَادَ قَتْلَهُ فَمَنَعَهُ أُنَاسٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَرَجَعَ لَهُمْ. فَهَذَا عُثْمَانُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ وَأُنَاسٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، مُجْمِعُونَ أَنْ لَا يُقْتَلَ مُسْلِمٌ بِكَافِرٍ، فَكَيْفَ خَالَفَتْهُمُ.
Al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Ibn Shas al-Judhami killed one of the dhimmis of Syria. The case came before Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him), and he ordered that he be killed. Sayyiduna al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) and many of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) objected to the ruling, so he refrained from killing him and fixed the blood money at one thousand dinars.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I said: This is from the narration of someone who is unknown. If it is not established, then abandon using it as proof; and if it is established, then you yourself have claimed that he wanted to kill him but some of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) prevented him, and he deferred to them. So here are Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) and some of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) agreed that a Muslim is not to be killed in return for a disbeliever; so how have you opposed them?
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I said: This is from the narration of someone who is unknown. If it is not established, then abandon using it as proof; and if it is established, then you yourself have claimed that he wanted to kill him but some of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) prevented him, and he deferred to them. So here are Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) and some of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) agreed that a Muslim is not to be killed in return for a disbeliever; so how have you opposed them?
