Sayyiduna Abu Umamah bin Sahl bin Hunayf (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We were with Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) when he was confined in his house, and we entered a place from where we could hear the voices of the people. Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) went in and then came out, and his colour had changed. We asked: O Commander of the Believers! What is the matter? He said: The people are thinking of killing me; until today I had not been certain of this. We said: O Commander of the Believers! Allah will help you. Then he said: Why do these people want to kill me, when I have heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "A Muslim may be killed only for one of three reasons: 1. he becomes an apostate, 2. he commits adultery after marriage, 3. he is killed in retaliation (qisas)." By Allah! I have never committed adultery, neither before Islam nor after Islam; after Islam I cannot even imagine leaving it; and I have not killed anyone. So why do these people want to kill me?
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجنايات / 15843
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever bears witness to 'La ilaha illallah, Muhammadur Rasulullah' (There is no god but Allah; Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is the Messenger of Allah), it is not permissible to kill him except for three reasons: 1. as retaliation (qisas), 2. by stoning (for adultery), 3. if he apostatises and separates from the Muslims."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجنايات / 15844
It is narrated from Abu Hurayrah and Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I have been commanded to fight people until they affirm the word of tawhid. When they affirm it, they have protected their blood and their wealth from me, except by its right, and their reckoning is with Allah."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجنايات / 15845
Sayyiduna Miqdad bin al-Aswad (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him): If I fight a disbeliever and he cuts off my hand with a sword, and then, escaping from me, he recites the kalimah and hides behind a tree, shall I kill him even though he has accepted Islam? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not kill him." I said: O Messenger of Allah! He cut off my hand; shall I then kill him? He said: "Do not kill him; for if you kill him, he will be in the position you were in before you killed him, and you will be in the position he was in before he said the word he said."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجنايات / 15846
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Usamah bin Zayd (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent us in an expedition to al-Huraqat. After the initial attack, they scattered in flight. We caught a man, and he began saying 'La ilaha illallah' (There is no god worthy of worship except Allah), but we killed him. This troubled my heart. I mentioned it to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "What answer will you give for 'La ilaha illallah' on the Day of Resurrection?" I said: O Messenger of Allah! He only said it out of fear of the weapons and of being killed. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Did you split open his chest to see why he said the kalimah? O Usamah! What answer will you give for this 'La ilaha illallah' on the Day of Resurrection?" He said: He (peace and blessings be upon him) kept repeating this until I began to think: If only I had become a Muslim only today! Abu Zabyan said that Sayyiduna Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: By Allah, I will not kill (a Muslim) until Dhul-Butayn, meaning Usamah (may Allah be pleased with them both), kills him. A man said: Has Allah Almighty not said: "And fight them until there is no more fitnah" [Surah al-Baqarah: 193]? Sayyiduna Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We fought until the fitnah was ended; do you and your companions want us to fight until fitnah arises?
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجنايات / 15847
It is narrated from Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that he (peace and blessings be upon him) delivered a sermon at Mina and said: "Do you know what day this is?" We said: Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) know best. He (peace and blessings be upon him) remained silent, and we thought that he (peace and blessings be upon him) would give it another name. Then he said: "Is today not the Day of Sacrifice?" We said: Yes! Then he asked: "Which city is this?" We said: Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) know best. He said: "Is this not the sacred city?" We said: Of course, O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Your blood, your wealth and your honour are as sacred as the sanctity of this city and this day. Have I conveyed (the message) to you?" We said: Yes! Then he said: 'Allahumma ishhad' "O Allah, bear witness. Let the one who is present convey this to the one who is absent, for many a person to whom it is conveyed remembers it better than the one who conveys it." Then he said: "Do not revert to disbelief after me, killing one another."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجنايات / 15848
Ubadah bin al-Samit (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I was one of the leaders (nuqaba') who gave the pledge of allegiance to him (peace and blessings be upon him), (pledging) that "we would not associate anything with Allah, nor commit adultery, nor steal, nor kill a soul that Allah has made sacred except by right, nor plunder, nor disobey; if we did that, Paradise would be ours; and if we committed any of these things, our judgement rests with Allah, the Mighty and Majestic."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجنايات / 15849
Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The major sins are: associating partners with Allah (shirk), killing unjustly, disobedience to parents, and false speech" or he said: "giving false testimony."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجنايات / 15850
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Avoid the seven destructive sins." It was asked: O Messenger of Allah! What are they? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Associating partners with Allah, practising magic, killing unjustly, consuming usury (riba), consuming the wealth of an orphan, fleeing from the battlefield, and slandering chaste, unsuspecting women."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجنايات / 15851
Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Abusing a Muslim is a sin, and killing him, fighting him, is disbelief." Zubayd said: I asked Abu Wa'il: Did you hear this hadith as marfu' (from the Prophet)? He said: Yes.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجنايات / 15852
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: This is not the disbelief by which a person goes out of Islam: "And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed, then it is those who are the disbelievers" [Surah al-Ma'idah: 44]; rather, this disbelief is a disbelief other than the disbelief by which a person goes out of Islam.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجنايات / 15854
Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever raises weapons against us is not of us."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجنايات / 15855
Mujahid (may Allah have mercy on him) said regarding this saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), 'Lasta minna' (You are not of us): It does not mean that he is not a Muslim; rather it means: You are not like us.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجنايات / 15856
Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "A person continues to have latitude in his religion as long as he does not shed unlawful blood."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجنايات / 15857
Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "A person continues to have latitude in his religion as long as he does not shed unlawful blood."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجنايات / 15858
Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The first judgement to be made on the Day of Resurrection will be concerning blood."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجنايات / 15860
Abu al-Darda' (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "Allah will forgive every sin, but He will not forgive the polytheist and the one who unjustly kills a believer."
Sadaqah said that Khalid said: Hani bin Kulthum bin Kinaz said that he heard Mahmud bin al-Rabi' narrate from Ubadah (may Allah be pleased with him) as marfu': "Whoever kills a believer and then rejoices at killing him, no act of worship of his, neither obligatory nor voluntary, is accepted." Likewise, in a narration of Ubadah (may Allah be pleased with him) there are also these words: "The believer continues to be righteous as long as he does not shed unlawful blood." Khalid said: I asked Yahya al-Ghassani what is meant by rejoicing at the killing. He said: The one who kills during fitnah (civil strife) and, having killed, thinks that he was in the right; Allah will never forgive him.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجنايات / 15861
Khalid bin Dihqan narrated the previous three narrations, but in the third hadith he added these words: "The believer continues to hold fast to goodness as long as he does not reach unlawful blood; when he sheds blood, he is ruined." Further, he did not mention the explanation of Yahya al-Ghassani.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجنايات / 15862
Uqbah bin Malik al-Laythi (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, has refused me (my plea) regarding the one who kills a believer." He said it three times.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجنايات / 15863
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: In the time of the Messenger, a man was killed and the killer was not known. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "A killing has taken place while I am among you, and the killer is not known. If the people of the heavens and the people of the earth together were to kill a believer, Allah would certainly punish them; if He does not wish to (punish them), that is up to Him."
And in the hadith of Abu Abdullah, the words are: If the people of the heavens and the people of the earth were to gather to kill a believer, Allah would certainly punish them.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجنايات / 15864
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever helps, even to the slightest degree, in the killing of a believer will come on the Day of Resurrection in such a state that written on his forehead will be: Deprived of the mercy of Allah."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجنايات / 15865
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "By Allah! The world and whatever is in it (its destruction) is easier in the sight of Allah than unjustly killing a believer."
Yazid bin Ziyad, also called Ibn Abi Ziyad al-Shami, is munkar al-hadith (his narrations are rejected); and the first text has been narrated through another chain from al-Zuhri as mursal.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجنايات / 15867
It is narrated from al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) as marfu': "Whoever helps in the killing of a believer even with half a word, on the Day of Resurrection there will be written between his eyes: 'Ayisun min rahmatillah' (Deprived of the mercy of Allah)."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجنايات / 15868
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: Killing a believer is a graver matter in the sight of Allah than the passing away of the world. This is the preserved (mahfuz) version, and it is mawquf (stopping at the Companion).
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجنايات / 15869
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him): "The killing of a believer is greater in the sight of Allah than the passing away of the world." (It is preserved as mawquf.)
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجنايات / 15870