السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب النفقات
Book of Maintenance
باب: ما جاء في تسوية المالك بين طعامه وطعام رقيقه، وبين كسوته وكسوة رقيقه
Reports on the owner treating his slaves equally with himself in food and clothing
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ الْعَامِرِيُّ، ثنا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنِ الْمَعْرُورِ، قَالَ: لَقِينَا ⦗١٢⦘ أَبَا ذَرٍّ بِالرَّبَذَةِ عَلَيْهِ ثَوْبٌ، وَعَلَى غُلَامِهِ مِثْلُهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ: يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ، لَوْ أَخَذْتَ هَذَا الثَّوْبَ مِنْ غُلَامِكَ فَلَبِسْتَهُ فَكَانَتْ حُلَّةً، وَكَسَوْتَ غُلَامَكَ ثَوْبًا آخَرَ. فَقَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " هُمْ إِخْوَانُكُمْ، جَعَلَهُمُ اللهُ تَحْتَ أَيْدِيكُمْ، فَمَنْ كَانَ أَخُوهُ تَحْتَ يَدَيْهِ فَلْيُطْعِمْهُ مِمَّا يَأْكُلُ، وَلْيَكْسُهُ مِمَّا يَلْبَسُ، وَلَا يُكَلِّفْهُ مَا يَغْلِبُهُ، فَإِنْ كَلَّفَهُ فَلْيُعِنْهُ ". أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْأَعْمَشِ.
Ma'rur says: We met Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) at al-Rabadhah. He was wearing a garment, and his slave was wearing a similar garment. A man said: O Abu Dharr! If you had taken this garment back from your slave, you would have had a complete suit (hullah), and you could have given the slave another garment. Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "They are your brothers whom Allah has placed under your authority. So whoever has his brother under his authority, let him feed him with what he himself eats and clothe him with what he himself wears, and let him not burden him beyond his capacity; and if he gives him a task too hard, let him help him."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ غَالِبٍ الْخُوَارِزْمِيُّ، بِبَغْدَادَ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، هُوَ ابْنُ حَمْدَانَ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ النَّضْرِ الْحَرَشِيُّ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ يُونُسَ، ثنا زُهَيْرٌ، ثنا الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنِ الْمَعْرُورِ، قَالَ: قَدِمْنَا الرَّبَذَةَ فَأَتَيْنَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ، فَإِذَا عَلَيْهِ حُلَّةٌ، وَإِذَا عَلَى غُلَامِهِ أُخْرَى، قَالَ: فَقُلْنَا: لَوْ كَسَوْتَ غُلَامَكَ غَيْرَ هَذَا، وَجَمَعْتَ بَيْنَهُمَا فَكَانَتْ حُلَّةً. قَالَ: فَقَالَ: سَأُحَدِّثُكُمْ عَنْ هَذَا، إِنِّي سَابَبْتُ رَجُلًا وَكَانَتْ أُمُّهُ أَعْجَمِيَّةً، فَنِلْتُ مِنْهَا، فَأَتَى رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَشَكَانِي إِلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ لِي: " أَسَابَبْتَ فُلَانًا " قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: " فَهَلْ ذَكَرْتَ أُمَّهُ؟ " فَقُلْتُ: مَنْ يُسَابِبِ الرِّجَالَ ذُكِرَ أَبُوهُ وَأُمُّهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، قَالَ: " إِنَّكَ امْرُؤٌ فِيكَ جَاهِلِيَّةٌ " قَالَ: قُلْتُ عَلَى سَاعَتِي: مِنَ الْكِبْرِ؟ قَالَ: " نَعَمْ، إِنَّمَا هُمْ إِخْوَانُكُمْ، جَعَلَهُمُ اللهُ تَحْتَ أَيْدِيكُمْ، فَمَنْ كَانَ أَخُوهُ تَحْتَ يَدِهِ فَلْيُطْعِمْهُ مِنْ طَعَامِهِ، وَلْيُلْبِسْهُ مِنْ لِبَاسِهِ، وَلَا يُكَلِّفْهُ مَا يَغْلِبُهُ، فَإِنْ كَلَّفَهُ مَا يَغْلِبُهُ فَلْيُعِنْهُ عَلَيْهِ ". رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يُونُسَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ.
Al-A'mash narrates from Ma'rur that he said: We came to al-Rabadhah and saw that Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) was wearing a hullah (suit), and his slave was wearing a similar hullah. We said: If only you had taken the cloth from the slave and made a fine hullah for yourself, and given the slave another garment. Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I will tell you a hadith. I abused a man by saying that his mother was a non-Arab, and he went to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and complained about me. I also came, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) asked me: "Did you really abuse him and mention his mother?" I replied: Yes, O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! And in abuse, mention of the mother or father does come up. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Abu Dharr! There is still some ignorance (jahiliyyah) in you." I said: Even at this old age of mine? He said: "Yes." And he said: "They are your brothers whom Allah has placed under your authority, so treat them well. Feed them, give them to drink and clothe them with what you yourselves eat, drink and wear, and do not burden them beyond their capacity; and if you give them a task beyond their capacity, then help them."
In Sahih Muslim this narration is reported through Ahmad bin Yunus, and in Bukhari through another route from al-A'mash.
In Sahih Muslim this narration is reported through Ahmad bin Yunus, and in Bukhari through another route from al-A'mash.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مَحْمَوَيْهِ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ، بِالْبَصْرَةِ، ثنا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَلَانِسِيُّ، ثنا آدَمُ بْنُ أَبِي إِيَاسٍ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، ثنا وَاصِلٌ الْأَحْدَبُ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْمَعْرُورَ بْنَ سُوَيْدٍ، يَقُولُ: رَأَيْتُ أَبَا ذَرٍّ الْغِفَارِيَّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ وَعَلَيْهِ حُلَّةٌ وَعَلَى غُلَامِهِ حُلَّةٌ، فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي سَابَبْتُ رَجُلًا فَشَكَانِي إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَعَيَّرْتَهُ بِأُمِّهِ؟ " ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي: " إِنَّ إِخْوَانَكُمْ جَعَلَهُمُ اللهُ تَحْتَ أَيْدِيكُمْ، فَمَنْ كَانَ أَخُوهُ تَحْتَ يَدِهِ فَلْيُطْعِمْهُ مِمَّا يَأْكُلُ، وَلْيُلْبِسْهُ مِمَّا يَلْبَسُ، وَلَا تُكَلِّفُوهُمْ مَا يَغْلِبُهُمْ، فَإِنْ كَلَّفْتُمُوهُمْ مَا يَغْلِبُهُمْ فَأَعِينُوهُمْ عَلَيْهِ ". رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ آدَمَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ.
Wasil al-Ahdab says: I heard Ma'rur bin Suwayd saying: I met Abu Dharr al-Ghifari (may Allah be pleased with him); he and his slave were wearing the same kind of garment. I asked him about it, and he told me a hadith: I abused a man, and he complained about me to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). He asked me: "Did you speak ill of his mother?" Then he said to me: "These are your brothers under your authority. Feed them from your food, give them to drink from your drink and clothe them from your clothing. And do not burden them beyond their capacity; and if you do, then help them."
Imam Bukhari (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated it in his Sahih from Adam, and Imam Muslim (may Allah have mercy on him) through a route from Shu'bah.
Imam Bukhari (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated it in his Sahih from Adam, and Imam Muslim (may Allah have mercy on him) through a route from Shu'bah.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الرَّازِيُّ، ثنا جَرِيرٌ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ مُوَرِّقٍ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " مَنْ لَايَمَكُمْ مِنْ مَمْلُوكِيكُمْ فَأَطْعِمُوهُ مِمَّا تَأْكُلُونَ، وَاكْسُوهُ مِمَّا تَكْتَسُونَ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يُلَايِمْكُمْ مِنْهُمْ فَبِيعُوهُ، وَلَا تُعَذِّبُوا خَلْقَ اللهِ ".
Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever of your slaves suits you, feed him from what you eat and clothe him from what you wear; and whoever of them does not suit you, sell him, and do not torment the creation of Allah."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي خِدَاشِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي لَهَبٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، يَقُولُ فِي الْمَمْلُوكِينَ: " أَطْعِمُوهُمْ مِمَّا تَأْكُلُونَ، وَاكْسُوهُمْ مِمَّا تَكْتَسُونَ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلْ فَلَهُ مَا قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " نَفَقَتُهُ، وَكِسْوَتُهُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ " وَالْمَعْرُوفُ عِنْدَنَا: الْمَعْرُوفُ لِمِثْلِهِ فِي بَلَدِهِ الَّذِي يَكُونُ بِهِ.
Ibrahim bin Abi Khidash bin Utbah bin Abi Lahab says: I heard Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) saying about slaves: "Feed them with what you yourselves eat, and clothe them with what you yourselves wear."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: If someone cannot do this, that is, feed him on a par with himself, then let him do what the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) stated: provide for him in the customary manner (bil-ma'ruf). And al-ma'ruf in our view is the ordinary food and clothing of the town.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: If someone cannot do this, that is, feed him on a par with himself, then let him do what the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) stated: provide for him in the customary manner (bil-ma'ruf). And al-ma'ruf in our view is the ordinary food and clothing of the town.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ، ثنا وَهْبُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِذَا جَاءَ خَادِمُ أَحَدِكِمْ بِطَعَامِهِ فَلْيُجْلِسْهُ مَعَهُ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلْ فَلْيُنَاوِلْهُ أُكْلَةً أَوْ أُكْلَتَيْنِ؛ فَإِنَّهُ وَلِيَ دُخَانَهُ وَحَرَّهُ ". رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ حَجَّاجِ بْنِ مِنْهَالٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى مَا وَصَفْنَا مِنْ تَبَايُنِ طَعَامِ الْمَمْلُوكِ، وَطَعَامِ سَيِّدِهِ.
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When someone's servant brings him his food, let him seat him with himself. If he does not seat him with himself, let him at least give him a morsel or two, for he has endured the heat and smoke while cooking the food."
This hadith is evidence for the statement of Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) made at the end of the previous hadith.
This hadith is evidence for the statement of Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) made at the end of the previous hadith.
