السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب العدد
Book of Waiting Periods
باب: من قال: تنتظر أربع سنين ثم أربعة أشهر وعشرا ثم تحل
Those who said: She waits four years, then four months and ten days, and then becomes lawful to marry
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، نا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: " أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ فَقَدَتْ زَوْجَهَا فَلَمْ تَدْرِ أَيْنَ هُوَ فَإِنَّهَا تَنْتَظِرُ أَرْبَعَ سِنِينَ ثُمَّ تَنْتَظِرُ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا ".
It is narrated from Sa'id bin al-Musayyab (may Allah have mercy on him) that Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Any woman whose husband goes missing and she does not know where he is should wait four years, then wait four months and ten days (that is, observe the 'iddah).
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، نا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، نا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، نا مَالِكٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلَهِ زَادَ ثُمَّ تَحِلُّ وَرَوَاهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَزَادَ فِيهِ قَالَ: وَقَضَى بِذَلِكَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ بَعْدَ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ فِي كِتَابِهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ أَنَّ عُمَرَ وَعُثْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَا: امْرَأَةُ الْمَفْقُودِ تَرَبَّصُ أَرْبَعَ سِنِينَ ثُمَّ تَعْتَدُّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا ثُمَّ تُنْكَحُ.
Malik narrated to us, and he mentioned the same, and he added: then she becomes lawful.
Yunus bin Yazid narrated it from al-Zuhri, and he added in it that Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) also gave the same judgement after Umar (may Allah be pleased with him).
And Abu Ubayd narrated it in his book from Muhammad bin Kathir, from al-Awza'i, from al-Zuhri, from Sa'id bin al-Musayyab (may Allah have mercy on him), that Umar and Uthman (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: The wife of the missing husband should wait four years, then observe an 'iddah of four months and ten days, then she may marry.
Yunus bin Yazid narrated it from al-Zuhri, and he added in it that Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) also gave the same judgement after Umar (may Allah be pleased with him).
And Abu Ubayd narrated it in his book from Muhammad bin Kathir, from al-Awza'i, from al-Zuhri, from Sa'id bin al-Musayyab (may Allah have mercy on him), that Umar and Uthman (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: The wife of the missing husband should wait four years, then observe an 'iddah of four months and ten days, then she may marry.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، نا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، نا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أنا سُلَيْمَانُ التَّيْمِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الشَّيْبَانِيِّ أَنَّ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ " أَجَّلَ امْرَأَةَ الْمَفْقُودِ أَرْبَعَ سِنِينَ ".
It is narrated from Abu Amr al-Shaybani that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the (waiting) period for the wife of a missing husband is four years.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ غَالِبٍ، نا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، نا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، قَالَ شُعْبَةُ: سَمِعْتُ مَنْصُورًا يُحَدِّثُ عَنِ الْمِنْهَالِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى قَالَ: قَضَى عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ " فِي الْمَفْقُودِ تَرَبَّصُ امْرَأَتُهُ أَرْبَعَ سِنِينَ ثُمَّ يُطَلِّقُهَا وَلِيُّ زَوْجِهَا ثُمَّ تَرَبَّصُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجُ " وَرَوَاهُ عَاصِمٌ الْأَحْوَلُ عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ عَنْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ فِي طَلَاقِ الْوَلِيِّ وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مُجَاهِدٌ عَنِ الْفَقِيدِ الَّذِي اسْتَهْوَتْهُ الْجِنُّ فِي قَضَاءِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بِذَلِكَ، وَرَوَاهُ خِلَاسُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو وَأَبُو الْمَلِيحِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ، وَرِوَايَةُ ⦗٧٣٢⦘ خِلَاسٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ضَعِيفَةٌ وَرِوَايَةُ ابْنِ الْمَلِيحِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ مُرْسَلَةٌ وَالْمَشْهُورُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ خِلَافُ هَذَا، وَرَوَى أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ فِي كِتَابِهِ عَنْ يَزِيدَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي وَحْشِيَّةَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ هَرِمٍ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ أَنَّهُ شَهِدَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ وَابْنَ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا تَذَاكَرَا امْرَأَةَ الْمَفْقُودِ فَقَالَا: تَرَبَّصُ بِنَفْسِهَا أَرْبَعَ سِنِينَ ثُمَّ تَعْتَدُّ عِدَّةَ الْوَفَاةِ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرُوا النَّفَقَةَ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: لَهَا نَفَقَتُهَا لِحَبْسِهَا نَفْسِهَا عَلَيْهِ، وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: إِذًا يَضُرُّ ذَلِكَ بِأَهْلِ الْمِيرَاثِ وَلَكِنْ لِتُنْفِقْ فَإِنْ قَدِمَ أَخَذَتْهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدَمْ فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهَا.
It is narrated from Abd al-Rahman bin Abi Layla (may Allah have mercy on him) that Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) judged concerning the woman whose husband goes missing that she should wait four years. Then the husband's guardian should divorce her. Then, after that, she should wait four months and ten days, and then she may marry. Asim al-Ahwal narrated it from Abu Uthman (may Allah have mercy on him), and Abu Uthman (may Allah have mercy on him) reports the like of it from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) regarding the guardian's divorce. Khilas bin Amr and Abu al-Malih narrated it likewise from Ali (may Allah be pleased with him); the narration of Khilas from Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) is weak, the narration of Abu al-Malih from Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) is mursal, and what is well known from Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) is contrary to this. Abu Ubayd narrated in his book from Yazid, from Sa'id bin Abi Arubah, from Ja'far bin Abi Wahshiyyah, from Amr bin Harim, from Jabir bin Zayd (may Allah have mercy on him) that he was present with Abdullah bin Abbas and Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) when the two of them discussed the wife of the missing husband. They both said: She should wait by herself for four years, then observe the 'iddah of death. Then they mentioned maintenance. Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: She is owed her maintenance because she has kept herself waiting for him.
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: That would then harm the heirs; rather, let her spend (from her own means), and if her husband returns, she may take it from his wealth. If he does not return, she gets nothing.
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: That would then harm the heirs; rather, let her spend (from her own means), and if her husband returns, she may take it from his wealth. If he does not return, she gets nothing.
